Language:
French
Year of publication:
2012
Titel der Quelle:
La bienvenue et l'adieu
Angaben zur Quelle:
II (2012) 45-56
Keywords:
Bergen-Belsen (Concentration camp)
;
Vittel (Concentration camp)
;
Antisemitism History 20th century
;
Jews History 20th century
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Abstract:
Discusses the fate of Libyan Jews in the Shoah, focusing on ca. 400 Libyan Jews with British citizenship who were deported to Italy in 1942. In winter 1940-41, Libya's ca. 30,000 Jews were to be interned in three camps created by the Italian authorities. However, unable to pay for their upkeep, the colonial authorities sent the Jews of French nationality to Tunisia, and the British Jews to internment camps in Italy. The rest of Libya's Jews were subjected to harsh anti-Jewish legislation. In summer 1942, between 4,000-5,000 Libyan Jews were assigned to forced labor, but due to deficient infrastuctures and ill-prepared authorities, only 1,000 Jews were in fact sent to build a desert road to Egypt. At the same time, hundreds of Benghazi Jews were deported to camps in Yefren and Giado, suspected of support for the British. Due to the substandard conditions in Giado, situated in the desert, 500 inmates died of typhoid fever in winter 1942. The ca. 400 Anglo-Libyan Jews deported to Italy in 1942 were assigned to house arrest in small villages. With the German occupation, 59 Jews were deported in November 1943 to Reichenau, and then to Vittel in April 1944; they were liberated by the British in June 1944. The other Anglo-Libyan Jews were concentrated in Fossoli, and from there were sent to camps for prisoners to be exchanged for German prisoners in Allied countries. They experienced torments in the camps, but remained alive. They were sent to Red Cross camps and liberated before the end of the war.
Note:
On Libyan Jews holding British passports who were transferred to Italy in 1942.
URL:
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