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  • RAMBI - רמב''י  (7)
  • English  (7)
  • Friedländer, Saul, Criticism and interpretation  (5)
  • Antisemitism History 1933-1945  (2)
  • 1
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,1 (2023) 45-49
    Keywords: Friedländer, Saul, Criticism and interpretation ; Friedländer, Saul, ; Friedländer, Saul, ; Friedländer, Saul, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives
    Abstract: A relationship between Saul Friedländer’s autobiographical text When Memory Comes and his historical magnus opus Nazi Germany and the Jews has been suggested by Stéphane Bou. This article develops this suggestion, focusing on the narrative choices Friedländer made in his major historical work. An analysis of the use of estrangement and fragmentary evidence unveils their cognitive implications.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,1 (2023) 38-44
    Keywords: Friedländer, Saul, Criticism and interpretation ; Friedländer, Saul, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives
    Abstract: The following essay titled ‘When Memory Comes, Where Memory Leads’ is included in the first section of the Festschrift collected in honor of Saul Friedländer upon his 90th birthday. It is an attempt to present his two autobiographic volumes, published in 1978 when he was 46 years old and in 2016 when he was 85 years old. Friedländer tells his life story in an open, candid manner, sharing with the reader a deep discrepancy between two seemingly contradicting levels. On one level, he reflects on the evolution of his academic work and the circumstances that gave birth to his best-known books after years of distancing himself from any possible connection to the history of the Holocaust and the Nazi regime. Eventually, he became a world-renowned scholar of these two vast issues, and his books were translated into a host of languages upon publication, with numerous prizes bestowed upon him. On the other level – the personal one – he mercilessly details his lifelong, deep-seated fear of being abandoned, the loss of his parents, wandering among Catholic institutions, constant changes of his first name as an obstacle on his way to building a solid identity, personal crises, and years-long treatment, operations, and medications. Alongside being a francophone and an atheist, the deep-down core of his identity, as he defines it, is being a Jew bearing the indelible mark left by the Holocaust. Despite this, the books he authored became milestones, especially his magnum opus, the two-volume Nazi Germany and the Jews, a masterpiece combining personal testimonies with documentation, depicting the full picture of German-occupied and controlled countries during World War II while offering insights that help understand the innermost feelings of Jews at the time.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,1 (2023) 50-56
    Keywords: Friedländer, Saul, Criticism and interpretation ; Friedländer, Saul, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; Antisemitism Historiography
    Abstract: Recalling Saul Friedländer’s early life under the shadow of National Socialism and his initial encounter with the horrors of the Holocaust, this article reviews first his early efforts at analyzing both, and then his experiments with applying psychoanalysis to history in general and to antisemitism in particular during these early years. It then revisits his now classic chapter on ‘redemptive antisemitism’ in volume 1 of Nazi Germany and the Jews (1997). Having recaptured the main ingredients of this new brand of Jew-hating, which was concocted by the circle of Wagnerians in Bayreuth of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, it turns to indicate two of this chapter’s other characteristics: the repeated stress on the importance of traditional Christian antisemitism, and the constant intermingling of German Jewish history with the history of antisemitism throughout this text. The article concludes by underlining that Friedländer’s main accomplishment is not in explaining the Shoah, but rather in finding the right tone for chronicling it; and by upholding the awe and disbelief one senses in confronting it, the article comes to an end.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1981
    Titel der Quelle: The Holocaust as Historical Experience
    Angaben zur Quelle: (1981)
    Keywords: Antisemitism History 1933-1945 ; National socialism Philosophy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish ghettos ; Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews History 1800-2000 ; Jewish councils History ; Jewish leadership History 20th century
    Description / Table of Contents: "Background":
    Description / Table of Contents: Friedländer, Saul. On the possibility of the Holocaust; an approach to a historical synthesis. 1-22.
    Description / Table of Contents: Tal, Uriel. On structures of political theology and myth in Germany prior to the Holocaust. 43-76.
    Description / Table of Contents: "Witnesses and case studies":
    Description / Table of Contents: Kovner, Abba. A first attempt to tell. 77-94.
    Description / Table of Contents: Mazor, Michel. The house committees in the Warsaw Ghetto. 95-108.
    Description / Table of Contents: Braham, Randolph L.. What did they know and when? [Reprinted in his "Studies on the Holocaust" I (2000) 21-49.] 109-132.
    Description / Table of Contents: Vago, Bela. Contrasting Jewish leaderships in wartime Hungary and Romania. 133-154.
    Description / Table of Contents: "The Judenrat and the Jewish response":
    Description / Table of Contents: Bauer, Yehuda. Jewish leadership reactions to Nazi policies. [Appeared also in "Moreshet" 9 (2012) 130-155.] 173-192.
    Description / Table of Contents: Kren, George M.; Rappoport, Leon H. Resistance to the Holocaust; reflections on the idea and the act. 193-222.
    Description / Table of Contents: Discussion: The Judenrat and the Jewish response. 223-272.
    Description / Table of Contents: Rotenstreich, Nathan. Postscript. 273-282.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1984
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (1984) 1-50
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) History ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) History ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; National socialism Historiography ; Antisemitism History 1933-1945 ; Jews History 1933-1945
    Abstract: An analysis of historical studies published since the end of the war, divided into two categories: global interpretations of Nazism, which are either based on German history, on the concept of fascism, or viewed as a facet of totalitarianism; and interpretations of Nazi antisemitism, in which two opposing positions have evolved - "intentionalism" and "functionalism". For an earlier presentation of the issues discussed here, see the author’s introduction to Gerald Fleming’s "Hitler and the Final Solution" (1984).
    Note: First presented in French at a conference held in Paris in 1982, and published as "De l'antisémitisme à l'extermination; esquisse historiographique et essai d'interprétation" in "L’Allemagne nazie et le génocide juif" (1985) 13-38. Reprinted in English in "The Nazi Holocaust: Historical Articles on the Destruction of European Jews", vol. 3 (1989) 301-350, and as "A historiographical study of Nazi policies toward the Jews and an essay in interpretation" in "Unanswered Questions; Nazi Germany and the Genocide of the Jews" (1989) 3-31. Appeared in Russian in "Яд Вашем" 2 (2010) 31-76. , In Hebrew: , יד ושם 16 (1984) 1-40 , Record created automatically from multi-article record # 000322864
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,1 (2023) 26-37
    Keywords: Friedländer, Saul, Criticism and interpretation ; Sternhell, Zeev Criticism and interpretation ; Appelfeld, Aharon Criticism and interpretation ; Collective memory ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence
    Abstract: This article illuminates memory from the perspective of the historical writings of Saul Friedländer. The theoretical term I coined for this phenomenon is restorative memory, which describes the functional adjustment of the frequently changing plasticity of memory which essentially inflects our attitude toward our past experiences. This is especially evident when details and events related to our past are reconstructed and adapted to the current circumstances of our personal and private lives, adapted to serve specific contemporary political, social, and educational goals. The selective reconstruction of biographic and collective events occurs through emphasis, deletion, enhancement, rejection, addition, or elimination of relevant details. The needs of the present result in the reconstruction of the past and the attribution of new meanings to events that have also been emphasized, deleted, enhanced, added, or eliminated from memory. According to Thomas Mann, the term ‘historiology’ refers to the objective study of history to obtain scientific knowledge. Restorative memory refers to the reconstruction of past events to shape the present. History is fleeting; restorative memory persists.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 37,1 (2023) 65-71
    Keywords: Friedländer, Saul, Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography
    Abstract: This essay offers some reflections on the links between Saul Friedländer’s notion of writing an integrated history of the Holocaust, as articulated and practiced in his magnum opus, Nazi Germany and the Jews, published between 1997 and 2007, and my own attempt to write a first-person account of the history and destruction of a single Galician town in Anatomy of a Genocide: The Life and Death of a Town Called Buczacz (2018). Both approaches, I suggest, are intimately linked to personal and vicarious biographical experiences, eloquently expressed in Friedländer’s acclaimed 1978 memoir, When Memory Comes, and forming the backbone of my recent study, Tales from the Borderlands: Making and Unmaking the Galician Past (2022), which applies a first-person approach to the history of the region in the centuries preceding the violence of the world wars. Such works, I argue, highlight the importance of understanding traumatic historical events both by way of conventional analyses of causes, events, and consequences, and as experienced by those subjected to history’s fury. In other words, this article stressed the need to view the event not only from above, but also from below; not just from the center, but also from the margins; not merely with detachment, but also with empathy; and not strictly from without the event, but also from within: that is, looking as directly as one can at the face of the Gorgon, as Primo Levi has written, through its reflection in the shield that protects us from self-annihilation.
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