Language:
French
Year of publication:
2004
Titel der Quelle:
Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique
Angaben zur Quelle:
99,3-4 (2004) 700-722
Keywords:
Catholic Church.
;
Christianity and antisemitism History 1800-2000
;
Christianity and other religions Judaism 1800-2000
;
History
;
Church history 20th century
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Catholic Church
Abstract:
Discusses condemnation of antisemitism by the Catholic Church in the 1920s-30s, based on documents on the denouncement of Amici Israel in 1928 and a planned Syllabus against racism in 1938. Interprets the condemnation of antisemitism in the decree ordering the dissolution of the Amici as referring only to racial antisemitism, whereas political and legal antisemitism was permitted and even encouraged by the Church. From 1934 on, the Holy See prepared a radical condemnation of Nazism; however, it was mainly concerned with threats to the Church, not racism and antisemitism. The encyclical "Mit brennender Sorge" (1937) condemns Nazism without mentioning it by name. Pius XI planned to issue an encyclical explicitly condemning racism and antisemitism. In 1938 he denounced the Italian "Manifesto della razza" as apostasy, expressed solidarity with the Jews and condemned antisemitism, and protested against legislation concerning mixed marriages in Italy, but the planned encyclical was not issued, nor was it pursued by Pius XII. The draft firmly condemns antisemitism, but also warns against Jewish conspiracy, while maintaining some distinction between two kinds of antisemitism. Discusses whether it was good that the project never came to fruition.
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