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  • 1
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 53-70
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 53-70
    Schlagwort(e): Bible Publication and distribution ; History ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; History
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  • 2
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    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 225-234
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 225-234
    Schlagwort(e): Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Septuagint ; Criticism, Textual
    Kurzfassung: The books of Kings have some of the most challenging text-historical problems in all of the Hebrew Bible. The Septuagint edition (known as 3–4 Kingdoms) differs widely from MT Kings in both individual readings and the ordering of the textual units. These differences can be traced to its Hebrew Vorlage. The translation from the Hebrew was made in a highly literal, albeit not slavish, style. The study of the Septuagint of Kings is further complicated by the fact that most of its text was later subjected to the Kaige revision and that this revised text form is now found in most Greek witnesses. Thus the Old Greek translation is best preserved in different Greek manuscript traditions in different sections of Kings. Often the daughter versions, especially the Old Latin, are of great significance for the text-critical study of both the Old Greek and also its probable Vorlage.
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  • 3
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    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 247-258
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 247-258
    Schlagwort(e): Bible. Septuagint ; Criticism, Textual ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint
    Kurzfassung: LXX Isaiah is one of the most debated texts in the entire corpus of the Septuagint. Modern research on the version has outlined its main characteristics, such as a certain freedom in the handling of its Vorlage and the competent but inconsistent use of the Greek language. Many contemporary debates focus on the issue of the theological hermeneutics of the translator. Some scholars detect a pervasive use of ‘actualizing’ interpretation, while others see a predominantly literal translation and tend to minimize the influence of theological factors on deviating renderings. This chapter proposes that the two approaches can be seen as complementary, in the sense that each one touches important, albeit contradictory, aspects of the version. The tendency of scholarship on LXX Isaiah is to continue to refine this discussion.
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  • 4
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    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 405-433
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 405-433
    Schlagwort(e): Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; Bible Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. ; History ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible Quotations in post-biblical literature
    Kurzfassung: This chapter deals with the fundamental place of the LXX in the writings of Philo of Alexandria, with particular attention to the treatment of the LXX text in the following: (1) the Questions and Answers on Genesis and Exodus; (2) the Allegorical Commentary; (3) the Exposition of the Law; (4) the Life of Moses Books 1–2. It also discusses questions of Philo’s citation practice; terminology applied to Jewish sacred books; the transmission history of Philo’s scriptural citations; his presentation of the translation of the books of Moses on the island of Pharos (Mos. 2.25–44); his use of etymologies; and his knowledge of Hebrew.
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  • 5
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 217-224
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 217-224
    Schlagwort(e): Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Septuagint ; Criticism, Textual
    Kurzfassung: The textual history of the books of Samuel, both in Greek and in Hebrew, is laden with problems that the researcher needs to be acquainted with, whatever the focus of textual research. The Septuagint translation shows a close word-for-word correspondence to its Hebrew Vorlage, however, not without occasional freedom of translation, especially in lexical choices and grammatical forms, as well as erroneous translation due to defective knowledge of Hebrew. The Hebrew Vorlage used by the translator differed at times substantially from the later Masoretic Text, used for comparison during the early textual history of the Septuagint text as well as in research today. Not only is the Masoretic Text corrupted but it underwent editorial changes until the turn of the era. Textual differences caused by both the translator and the editors of the Hebrew text must have occasioned the repeated revisions of the Greek text by Jewish and Christian scribes.
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  • 6
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    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 537-551
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 537-551
    Schlagwort(e): Lucian, ; Bible. Septuagint ; Criticism, Textual ; Bible Manuscripts, Hebrew
    Kurzfassung: The LXX Psalms, dating from the second or the first century bce, is one of the most frequently discussed books in Septuagint studies. The chapter assesses major theories and recent developments in studies regarding the date and provenance of the translation, discusses its Sitz im Leben, gives an overview and emphasizes the importance of textual criticism of the Hebrew as well as the Greek text for scholarly work, presents translation models employed, with an emphasis on the Interlinear Paradigm, but also delves into specific details regarding the literal translation technique in the Psalms. The question whether and in what sense the translators’ theological background and milieu has influenced his translation is discussed. In the end the dependence of the Pentateuch on the Psalms and the extensive use of LXX Psalms in later Jewish and Christian literature is briefly presented.
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  • 7
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 201-215
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 201-215
    Schlagwort(e): Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Septuagint ; Criticism, Textual
    Kurzfassung: These two books are treated in the same chapter: they are contiguous in both Jewish and Christian collections, and LXX Joshua provides two extra verses that form a ‘bridge’ to Judges. Though their Septuagintal forms are dissimilar textually, they each present particular challenges to editors. LXX Joshua is shorter than the Hebrew MT, while LXX Judges displays a very different text in the two main codices, Vaticanus and Alexandrinus. In both cases it is very difficult to determine what the original Greek translations would have looked like. The section on Joshua describes the present state of the question concerning the structure, language, and translation technique of the book. The conclusion indicates the most promising directions of the research, namely the analysis of the language in comparison with the other books of the Septuagint and with the history of the Greek language; the study of the Antiochian text in Joshua; the relationship between the Masoretic Text and the Greek text as well as between textual and literary criticism. The section on Judges classifies and describes the textual groups of Judges, including the present state of the question. Some of the most promising directions of research are the production of a critical edition of Judges in the Göttingen series maior; the analysis of the Antiochian text; the translation technique of the Old Greek and the relationship between the Masoretic Text and the different groups of Greek manuscripts, especially the groups A and B.
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  • 8
    Artikel
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    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 291-305
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 291-305
    Schlagwort(e): Bible. Versions ; Susanna (Apocryphal book) Criticism, Textual ; Bel and the Dragon Versions ; Criticism, Textual
    Kurzfassung: A major issue in the study of the book of Daniel is the question of the replacement of an earlier translation (Dan-o’) by a later one (Dan-θ’). The study of a pre-Hexaplaric witness (Pap. 967) helps define the main tendencies of the Hexaplaric recension (MS 88 and Syrohexapla). In the papyrus the adaptation of the o’ text to the Hebrew–Aramaic Vorlage stops suddenly at the beginning of chapter 4. Another key question relates to the quantitative and qualitative differences between the later translation (Dan-θ’) and the MT text. The different placement of the deuterocanonical additions is less problematic than the inversion of the chapter order in the oldest part of the Dan-o’ tradition (chs. 5–6 after chs. 7–8 in Pap. 967), which has to be considered together with the qualitative differences between these chapters in Dan-o’ and MT. In the book of Daniel the Greek evidence witnesses to the complexity of the Hebrew–Aramaic text, and the doublets of the Dan-o’ tradition merit particular attention.
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  • 9
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 655-669
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 655-669
    Schlagwort(e): Hexapla Criticism, Textual ; Bible. Criticism, Textual ; Bible. Translations into Syriac ; Polyglot Bibles History
    Kurzfassung: This chapter gives an overview of the main issues concerning the Syrohexapla. It discusses what is known about its origin and what can be said about its Greek source text(s) based on both the colophons and on textual studies. The chapter looks at the Syrohexapla first as a translation in its own right reflecting the features of ‘mirror translation’ and the translation’s original purpose. However, for LXX scholars the Syrohexapla is particularly interesting for its connection to the Hexapla. Therefore the chapter summarizes the research on the Syrohexapla’s text and on the marginalia’s role and value as text-critical witnesses to the Hexapla and to the Hexaplaric recension.
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  • 10
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 13-32
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 13-32
    Schlagwort(e): Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Appreciation
    Kurzfassung: In standard English usage the term Septuagint typically denotes the earliest Greek version of the Old Testament. Despite this seeming clarity, it is in fact a fuzzy concept, insofar as the boundaries of its application shift significantly from one context to another. This chapter delineates the four principal ways in which the term is currently used by biblical scholars, and discusses the historical background of each with reference to the reception of the Jewish Greek Scriptures. It begins with their inception in Hellenistic Judaism, and traces their reconfiguration by early Jewish and Christian tradents through to the advent of modernity and the rise of critical scholarship. Current issues in the field of Septuagint Studies are addressed.
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