Language:
English
Year of publication:
2006
Titel der Quelle:
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
Angaben zur Quelle:
20,3 (2006) 437-473
Keywords:
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Abstract:
Ca. 25% of French Jews died in the Holocaust, in contrast to 75% of those in the Netherlands. In an attempt to explain this difference, focuses on the Nazi occupier's policies in the two countries. In both, the Germans were eager to collaborate with local authorities; however, in France the occupier's power was based mainly on the German military, and in the Netherlands on the civil administration. The anti-Jewish policies in the two countries were marked by increasing involvement of the SS, and in particular of the SD. In the Netherlands there was a conflict between the civil administration and the SD. Describes the organization of deportations in France and the Netherlands in 1942-43. Concludes that the differences in the type of occupation administration, military versus civilian, as well as logistical aspects are not crucial factors in explaining the lower percentage of Jewish victims in France. A more important factor was variations in the relative freedom of actions of the SS and its Security Police. The lower tempo of deportations in France was also due to a conflict between the Germans and the Vichy police from 1943, and a lower degree of collaboration by the UGIF in comparison to the Jewish Council in Amsterdam.
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