Language:
Spanish
Year of publication:
2013
Titel der Quelle:
Judaica Latinoamericana; estudios histórico-sociales
Angaben zur Quelle:
7 (2013) 237-255
Keywords:
Muñoz Borrero, Manuel A.
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust
;
Diplomats
Abstract:
Dr. Manuel Antonio Muñoz Borrero was the consul of Ecuador in Stockholm. In 1941, he issued Ecuadorian passports to 80 persons, mostly Jews, who were stranded in Istanbul, through the Chilean embassy. His action was not approved by Ecuador's government, and he was removed from his post. Nevertheless, he remained in possession of official documents and seals, and from 1943 onward, he issued, through Jewish leaders in Stockholm, passports for Jews under Nazi occupation in Poland, France, and Holland. The passports saved many Jews from deportation or forced labor. Some who ended up in camps were liberated in prisoner exchanges; others benefited only temporarily, because the U.S. and Britain restricted, in 1944, their policy of prisoner exchanges and this influenced the attitude of Latin-American countries regarding Jewish refugees. The Ecuadorian government did recognize these passports, due to humanitarian considerations. After the war, Muñoz Borrero was never reintegrated into the diplomatic corps of Ecuador. In 2011, Muñoz Borrero was posthumously recognized by Yad Vashem as “Righteous among the Nations”.
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