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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 121-134
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 121-134
    Keywords: Letter of Aristeas Criticism, interpretation, etc.
    Abstract: Even though the Letter of Aristeas was unmasked as a pseudepigraphon over 400 years ago, the question of its value as a historical source continues to dominate the field of Septuagint Studies. First, this chapter discusses how the genre of the Letter of Aristeas is actually a mix of historiography, rhetorical display, Hellenistic philosophy, and biblical wisdom literature. Next, it discusses several recent approaches to the problem of historicity: the search for a kernel of historical truth in the Letter, the application of insights from the study of ancient historiography, and the Letter as a source for the reception history of the Septuagint. Finally, it addresses the identification of the Aristeas story as a social myth of Alexandrian Jewish society.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 183-200
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 183-200
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Translating
    Abstract: The impetus behind the translation of the Pentateuch likely emanated from a well-educated sector of the Jewish community, whose members were not unfamiliar with the Hebrew original. The translation’s language style adheres closely enough to Semitic syntax and idiom to suggest that the original’s words were never expected to be lost from view. Being the first undertaking of its kind, the translated Pentateuch is filled with renderings that speak of a spontaneous, creative procedure in which various strategies were attempted. The extent to which the Greek Pentateuch would have functioned as a theological guide for Hellenistic Judaism is not clear. Some parts do exhibit interpretive shifts, while others simply defy being counted as Torah in Greek. The Greek Pentateuch was known to later translators who depended in varying degrees upon its vocabulary.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 235-243
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 235-243
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Criticism, Textual
    Abstract: ‘Paralipomena’ is the Greek title for what in English is known as the books of Chronicles. The name means ‘things omitted’, i.e. in relation to the contents of the books of Kings, to which it was seens as a complement in antiquity. The division into two books has always existed in the Greek as far as we know and was introduced into Hebrew editions only in modern times. There are two main textual traditions, the Old Greek, and the Antiochian or Lucianic recension. The precise relationship of Paralipomena to the Hebrew Samuel–Kings and Greek 1–4 Kingdoms and to 1 and 2 Esdras is complex and not easily resolved.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 13-32
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 13-32
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Appreciation
    Abstract: In standard English usage the term Septuagint typically denotes the earliest Greek version of the Old Testament. Despite this seeming clarity, it is in fact a fuzzy concept, insofar as the boundaries of its application shift significantly from one context to another. This chapter delineates the four principal ways in which the term is currently used by biblical scholars, and discusses the historical background of each with reference to the reception of the Jewish Greek Scriptures. It begins with their inception in Hellenistic Judaism, and traces their reconfiguration by early Jewish and Christian tradents through to the advent of modernity and the rise of critical scholarship. Current issues in the field of Septuagint Studies are addressed.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 489-499
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 489-499
    Keywords: Bible. Translations into Greek Versions ; Bible. Manuscripts, Samaritan ; Bible. Manuscripts, Greek
    Abstract: It is widely held that the Samaritans produced a Greek version of their distinct recension of the Pentateuch (SP), referred to as the Samareitikon, though the precise historical circumstances of this text are unknown. Aside from an inscription from a Samaritan synagogue in Thessalonica quoting Num. 6:22–7 in Greek, the majority of evidence for the SP in Greek is preserved in Christian sources, dating from the fourth century ce. Moreover, Alfred Rahlfs claimed in 1911 to have discovered fragments of Genesis and Deuteronomy from the original Samareitikon; more recently, Bradley Marsh has made the same claim for fragments of Exodus.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 671-689
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 671-689
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; History ; Bible. Versions ; History ; Bible. Versions ; History ; Bible. Versions ; History
    Abstract: The three parts of this chapter focus on biblical translations derived from the Septuagint in Eastern Christian cultures: Coptic (in its different dialects); the classical language of Ethiopia (Ge‘ez); and those of the Arabic-speaking world from Syria–Palestine to Egypt, both in the Christian and Judeo-Arabic traditions. The surveys include summaries on date and background of the translation(s); contents, date, provenance, and preservation and accessibility of the manuscript corpus; history of the translation and possible revisions; and a reflection on the textual typology of the version within the history of the Septuagint and its potential value for the study of the Greek text.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 731-744
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 731-744
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Influence ; Theology
    Abstract: The differences between the Septuagint and the Hebrew Old Testaments are not a matter of indifference for Christian theology. At the textual level, the LXX reflects ideas more typical of postbiblical Judaism and early Christianity, such as eschatology, messianism, and resurrection. At the canonical level, it can be argued (as for example by Hartmut Gese) that including the Greek books in the Old Testament better symbolizes the continuity of the Testaments for Christians. Five specific issues are: (1) Unlike the Hebrew Bible, the LXX has no fixed and stable text; (2) The term ‘canon’ is a slippery one, and it is unclear exactly what the LXX canon contains; (3) The LXX may not be a single ‘work’ susceptible of a holistic interpretation; (4) The attempt to write a ‘Theology of the LXX’ might be worthwhile; and (5) It might be possible to see both LXX and MT as canonical.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 481-488
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 481-488
    Keywords: Hexapla ; Bible. Versions ; History
    Abstract: Eusebius reports that Origen added three further Greek versions to his synoptic Hexapla Maior along with Aquila, Symmachus, and Theodotion. These anonymous translations were differentiated by their placement in relation to the columns of the Three and the Origenian LXX (Field [1875] 2005: 83). Because of this, they became known as Quinta, Sexta, and Septima and were designated in MSS with Greek (or Syriac) alphabetic sigla: ε΄ (heh), ς΄ (waw), and ζ΄, respectively. As these versions have not survived in full, little is known about them. This chapter thus aims only to survey the evidence and secondary literature.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 421-433
    Keywords: Josephus, Flavius Language ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint
    Abstract: The primary concern of the present chapter is to establish what the Greek Bible meant for Josephus. We ask how his own Greek version of the Bible was facilitated by the Septuagint, or rather by Greek translations current in his day, and more precisely how far we can establish whether such texts underlie his own presentation. At the same time, any such investigation will also tell us important things about the fate and fortunes of LXX, above all within first-century Judaism. There is much more in this exploration than just the occasional light that Josephus’s renderings have shed on the history of the versions, though it is for textual evidence that Josephus has mainly been invoked in LXX scholarship.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint (2021) 259-274
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of the Septuagint
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 259-274
    Keywords: Bible. Septuagint ; Criticism, Textual ; Baruch (Apocryphal book). Versions ; Septuagint
    Abstract: This chapter discusses two books that are inseparable in the Septuagint manuscripts: Jeremiah and Baruch. For both books, it surveys classical topics like translators, translation technique, and provenance. The main focus, however, is on the manner they exemplify important and recurrent issues in Septuagintal studies. The book of Jeremiah is a textbook case of a work that exists in two literary editions, a short one (in Hebrew) and a long one (in Greek). The study of the book of Baruch is a good example of a pseudepigraphical work that seems to be translated from a Semitic language, although this is disputed.
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