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  • 1990-1994  (10)
  • Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue  (6)
  • Jews  (5)
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Author, Corporation
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Oskar Schindler and "Schindler's List". (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 317-348
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 317-348
    Keywords: Schindler, Oskar, ; Schindler's list (Motion picture) Influence ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust survivors' writings
    Abstract: Presents a selection of documents (in English translation) dealing with the history of Schindler's rescue of 1,200 Jews (including Bejski) in Kraków and Brünnlitz. The texts include Schindler's speech to the liberated prisoners of the Brünnlitz camp on 8 May 1945, the letter furnished to Schindler on that day by the leaders of the survivors, speeches and excerpts of testimonies made by participants at the reception in Schindler's honor in Tel Aviv on 2 May 1962, and the eulogy delivered by Bejski at Schindler's funeral on 28 October 1974 in Jerusalem. Preceded by a foreword (pp. 317-319) in which Bejski states that although Spielberg's film is not always consistent with the historical facts, it is nevertheless of great importance because it succeeded in reconstructing the atmosphere of the Nazi camps and affords an opportunity for millions of viewers to learn something about the Holocaust.
    Note: In Hebrew: , "יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים" כד (תשנה) 253-277
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    From Poland to Hungary : rescue attempts 1943-1944. (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 177-193
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 177-193
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Relates the activities of two Jewish organizations - the Orthodox-led Slovakian Working Group and the Zionist-led Hungarian Vaadat ha-Ezra ve-ha-Hatzalah - which, in cooperation with one another, managed to arrange the escape of Jews from Poland through Slovakia into Hungary from 1942 until March 1944. The rescuers were driven by the awareness that the situation of the Jews in Poland was worse than their own, and by the hope that from Hungary it would be easier for the refugees to reach Palestine. The mechanisms of the rescue activities are described, as well as the measures to safeguard the refugees in Hungary against the authorities. Many refugees shared the fate of Hungarian Jewry when the country was occupied by the Nazis in March 1944.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Massacre of Jewish prisoners on the Samland Peninsula - documents. (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 349-387
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 349-387
    Keywords: Nazi concentration camps ; Jews ; Jews
    Abstract: Early in 1945 the last remaining prisoners (most of them Jewish women from Łódź and from Hungary) in six Nazi concentration camps in East Prussia, subsidiaries of the Stutthof concentration camp, were brought to the Samland Peninsula on the Baltic shore and murdered near the town of Palmnicken (now Yantarnyi, Russia). The documents presented are two eyewitnesses' testimonies (one by a local resident, and one by a survivor) and five compiled by the units of the Soviet army which entered the area; one of the latter documents contains brief testimonies by local residents. The documents are preceded by an introduction (pp. 349-351).
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    From underground to armed struggle : the resistance movement in the Bialystok ghetto. (1993)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 23 (1993) 145-171
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1993
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23 (1993) 145-171
    Keywords: World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Discusses the consolidation of the resistance movement in the Białystok ghetto, from the entry of Nazi troops into the city on June 1941 until the last "Aktion" in August 1943. Describes the difficulties in creating a joint resistance organization due to the ideological and practical divergences between the communists and the Zionist Hashomer Hatzair and Dror. Mentions the contacts with the underground movements in the Vilna and Warsaw ghettos. Focuses on the personality of Mordechai Tenenbaum, the Dror leader, appointed as head of the United Combat Organization in Białystok, and his contacts with Efraim Barasz, the chairman of the Judenrat, who secretly supported the underground. At the end of July 1943, the representatives of all the factions agreed to establish a common front, but they went into action only during the last Nazi "Aktion".
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , Appeared also in "Holocaust; Critical Concepts in Historical Studies" IV (2004).
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    The rescue efforts of Bnei Akiva in Hungary during the Holocaust. (1993)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 23 (1993) 173-212
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1993
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23 (1993) 173-212
    Keywords: Bnei Akiva ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Bnei Akiva was the largest Zionist youth movement in Hungary; in 1939-43 it became stronger due to the influx of refugees from Poland and Slovakia. Nevertheless, it received limited assistance from the Yishuv delegation in Istanbul. The first task of Bnei Akiva was to receive refugees (provide them with forged papers, etc.). Despite the warnings of refugees regarding events in Poland and Slovakia, the Zionists, including Bnei Akiva, were not prepared when the Germans occupied Hungary in March 1944, and they had to reorganize their activities. The Bnei Akiva arranged for clandestine emigration to Romania and Slovakia, prepared shelters, distributed forged papers, money, and food among the ghettoized Jews of Budapest, and even undertook an armed attack on an SS patrol. The movement received assistance from the Swiss consulate in Budapest, which helped to save thousands of Jews. As a religious movement, Bnei Akiva had problems not shared by other youth movements.
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , Appeared also in "גנזי חיים" (תשפב) 17*-53*
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Attempts at rescue and revolt : attitude of members of the Dror youth movement in Bedzin to foreign passports as means of rescue. (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 211-236
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 211-236
    Keywords: Dror (youth movement) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Jews ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance
    Abstract: Discusses the activities of young Zionist leaders from Bedzin who faced the dilemma of choosing between preparations for struggle or escape through rescue efforts supported from abroad. The examination of Bedzin as a case study is facilitated by the large number of letters, diaries, and testimonies that have been preserved. Rescue possibilities were better than in other places due to the proximity to Slovakia, and contacts with Zionist groups from Czestochowa in the General Government. The options were emigration to Palestine, escape to Slovakia, or obtaining foreign passports through the aid of the Geneva rescue office. Analyzes the rescue efforts of the Dror and other Zionist youth movements during the period of deportations and Nazi "actions" in 1942-43, and their revolt in August 1943.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Memory and violence : local recollections of Jewish persecution during the "Reichskristallnacht". (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 99-114
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 99-114
    Keywords: Kristallnacht, 1938 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews History 1933-1939 ; Jews
    Abstract: Stresses the importance of investigating individual testimonies on the "Kristallnacht" pogrom as a way to uncover the image of the events in the minds of the witnesses. Takes as example the recollections of the pogrom in the village of Baisingen (Württemberg) - a case study in the framework of an anthropological project carried out at Tübingen University, aimed to promote acceptance of the Nazi period as part of one's local history. Notes the dominant tendency of the witnesses to an attitude of non-involvement or indifference in relating the events, and the psychological mechanism of forgetting as a way to avoid remorse and responsibility. Extends the definition of Nazi violence to include bureaucratic institutional behavior, such as ratification of the 1938 anti-Jewish actions by government offices and local authorities.
    Note: On the village of Beisingen. , See also in Hebrew.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    On a mission against all odds : Samuel Zygelbojm in London (April 1942-May 1943). (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 237-271
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 237-271
    Keywords: Zygielbojm, Szmul, ; Ogólny Żydowski Związek Robotniczy "Bund" w Polsce ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews History 1939-1945
    Abstract: Based on archival materials (letters, reports), surveys the rescue activities and the suicide (on 12 May 1943) of Szmul Zygielbojm, the Bund representative to the Polish National Council in London. Discusses the dissension between Zygielbojm and other Jewish bodies active in London (e.g. Ignacy Schwarzbart) on the background of the alarming reports he received from Leon Feiner on the annihilation of Polish Jews. Emphasizes Zygielbojm's campaign to mobilize British public opinion and his pressure on the Polish government-in-exile to take practical steps. Notes the crisis of confidence between Zygielbojm and the Polish National Council, provoked especially by its passivity towards antisemitic attacks in the Polish right-wing press even during the deportation of the Jews and the unwillingness of the Polish underground to aid in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. He committed suicide in the hope that his act would break the world's apathy to the destruction of Polish Jewry.
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , Appeared also in "Holocaust; Critical Concepts in Historical Studies" IV (2004).
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Two forms of resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto : two functions of the Ringelblum archives. (1991)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 21 (1991) 189-219
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 1991
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 21 (1991) 189-219
    Keywords: Ringelblum, Emanuel, ; Ringelblum-Archiv ; Jews ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Libraries ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Archives ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , In French: "L'Insurrection du ghetto de Varsovie" (1994). An abridged English version appeared in "Holocaust Chronicles" (1999).
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    The founding and activity of the Hehalutz-Histadrut Rescue Center in Geneva, 1939-1942. (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 161-210
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 161-210
    Keywords: Hechalutz (Organization) ; Jews History 1939-1945 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Foreign public opinion, Eretz Israel ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Preparations for establishing the Rescue Center began in September 1939 but were slowed down by difficulties in reconciling the different orientations of the Yishuv and other Zionist organizations. Notes efforts made by Nathan Schwalb, of the World Hehalutz Center, to found the liaison office in Geneva, in the face of the tendency of the Yishuv leadership, until 1942, to reduce its operating expenses there. Describes various forms of rescue activities, such as maintaining contact with the Zionist organizations under Nazi rule; collecting information on the fate of the Jewish communities; sending parcels; organizing illegal border crossings; transferring funds to subsidize the halutz organizations in occupied countries. Concludes that, due to the dedicated work of the representatives of the Zionist Labor Movement in Geneva, the Center served as a focus of contacts, relief, and rescue for European Jews, despite the tardy reaction and insufficient responsiveness of the Yishuv's institutions.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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