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  • 1990-1994  (9)
  • Jews History 1939-1945  (6)
  • Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence  (4)
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Material
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Year
Author, Corporation
Keywords
  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The Holocaust and population policy : remarks on the decision on the "Final Solution". (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 45-70
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 45-70
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; National socialism ; Jews History 1939-1945 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography
    Abstract: Argues that the Final Solution of the "Jewish question" in Nazi-dominated Europe was dictated primarily by economic considerations, and was a product of decisions made by young economics experts within the Nazi bureaucracy. These experts regarded the Eastern European countries as suffering from heavy rural overpopulation. In 1938-41 the plans concerning the solution of this problem began to be connected with the elimination of Jews from these areas (in proposals and memoranda made by P.H. Seraphim, W. Conze, H. Aubin, T. Schieder, and others). The implementation of these ideas - simultaneous resettlement of Poles and Germans, and the annihilation of the Jews - began at the end of 1941. The Nazis' Final Solution may be regarded as an experiment in social engineering, a result of Nazi "expertocracy".
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Remembering Auschwitz : a survey of recent textbooks for the teaching of history in German schools. (1992)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 22 (1992) 287-307
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 1992
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 22 (1992) 287-307
    Keywords: Auschwitz (Concentration camp) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence ; Nazi concentration camps ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Study and teaching
    Abstract: An evaluation of 22 schoolbooks published in West Germany between 1981-90. In contrast to the first decade of the FRG, when textbooks hardly mentioned Auschwitz, accounts of it are now given as a rule. However, they are not free of drawbacks. Auschwitz is presented in the perspective of the perpetrators, not of the victims. The texts focus on the organizational side of the camps, not on the sufferings of the victims, and there is a tendency to downplay the scope of the murder. Some textbooks try to correct this defect and give accounts of young people who were in Auschwitz, or include questions inviting pupils to find out what happened during the Nazi period to the Jews in their own town, i.e. they try to impel the pupils to identify with the victims. Stresses that mentioning Auschwitz cannot be equated with remembering. Pp. 306-307 give a list of the textbooks included in the survey.
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , A German version appeared in "Internationale Schulbuchforschung" 13, 1991.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    "The hostile alliance" : the relationship between the Reichsvereinigung of Jews in Germany and the regime. (1992)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 22 (1992) 237-272
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1992
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 22 (1992) 237-272
    Keywords: Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland ; Jews History 1939-1945
    Abstract: Follows the history of the Reichsvereinigung der Juden in Deutschland from its establishment in 1939 until 1943. The organization came into existence due to the initiatives of both the Nazi authorities (first and foremost, the SS and SD) and the Jewish leadership in Germany, because both sides felt the necessity for such a body, each for its own purposes. In the early stages, the RV dealt with emigration and relief work. In 1941, its tasks shifted: it became involved in the deportation of the Jews from Germany. At this stage, the RV played a controversial role. On the one hand, it tried to alleviate the plight of the deportees (and even purchased lodgings in Theresienstadt); on the other hand, during the deportation from Berlin on 15 February 1943, it recruited Jewish men to assist the SS in the action, some of whom even resorted to violence while carrying out their task. The RV did help the deportees, and in some cases even warned them beforehand. Yet, the Nazis did not object to its existence because it smoothed the process of deportation.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    The role of the Wehrmacht and the police in the annihilation of the Jews : the prosecution and postwar careers of perpetrators in the police force of the Federal Republic of Germany. (1993)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 23 (1993) 295-319
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1993
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23 (1993) 295-319
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence ; War crime trials ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: During the Second World War the German army collaborated in various degrees with the SS and police in mass annihilation of Jews and other victims, especially in the USSR and Yugoslavia. In rare cases when perpetrators were prosecuted under the Nazi regime, the prosecuted were pardoned by the highest authorities (Hitler, Himmler, etc.). Those who refused to participate in the mass killings were never punished by their superiors; therefore, participation was voluntary to a great extent. Only a small number of perpetrators was prosecuted after the war in the FRG, and in many cases their penalties were not commensurate with their crimes. Some of the perpetrators had brilliant careers as police officers in the 1940s-50s, before they were brought to trial.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Dignity, hatred and memory - reparations from Germany : the debates in the 1950s. (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 247-280
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 247-280
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Reparations
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    On modernization and the rationality of extermination. (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 109-129
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 109-129
    Keywords: Aly, Götz, ; Heim, Susanne, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) History ; National socialism Philosophy ; Antisemitism History 1933-1945 ; Jews History 1939-1945
    Abstract: Argues against Susanne Heim and Götz Aly's thesis [in this volume of "Yad Vashem Studies"] that the mass annihilation of European Jewry in Nazi-controlled Europe was conceived and planned by German technocrats out of economic considerations - i.e. that it was an attempt to "rationalize" the economy of the Eastern territories. Relates that the economic experts in Nazi Germany, whatever their ideas were, had no influence on the decision-making process; that all of the Nazi elite spoke about the possibility of mass extermination of the Jews as early as the 1930s; that German society was prepared for the Final Solution by the euthanasia program, and ideas comparable with the Final Solution were not unusual in other Western countries; that Hitler and other Nazi leaders were deaf to economic considerations, basing their antisemitism on racism; and that the Nazis never conceived the total annihilation of Slavs and Karaites. It was an irrational racist ideology which dictated the mass annihilation of the Jews by the Nazis.
    Note: In Hebrew: , "יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים" כד (תשנה) 79-96
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    On a mission against all odds : Samuel Zygelbojm in London (April 1942-May 1943). (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 237-271
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 237-271
    Keywords: Zygielbojm, Szmul, ; Ogólny Żydowski Związek Robotniczy "Bund" w Polsce ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews History 1939-1945
    Abstract: Based on archival materials (letters, reports), surveys the rescue activities and the suicide (on 12 May 1943) of Szmul Zygielbojm, the Bund representative to the Polish National Council in London. Discusses the dissension between Zygielbojm and other Jewish bodies active in London (e.g. Ignacy Schwarzbart) on the background of the alarming reports he received from Leon Feiner on the annihilation of Polish Jews. Emphasizes Zygielbojm's campaign to mobilize British public opinion and his pressure on the Polish government-in-exile to take practical steps. Notes the crisis of confidence between Zygielbojm and the Polish National Council, provoked especially by its passivity towards antisemitic attacks in the Polish right-wing press even during the deportation of the Jews and the unwillingness of the Polish underground to aid in the Warsaw ghetto uprising. He committed suicide in the hope that his act would break the world's apathy to the destruction of Polish Jewry.
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , Appeared also in "Holocaust; Critical Concepts in Historical Studies" IV (2004).
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Argentina's immigration policy during the Holocaust (1938-1945). (1991)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 21 (1991) 155-188
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1991
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 21 (1991) 155-188
    Keywords: Jews History 1939-1945 ; Jewish refugees History 20th century ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Influence ; Argentina Emigration and immigration 20th century ; Government policy ; History
    Note: In Hebrew: , "יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים" כא (תשנא) 125-151
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    The founding and activity of the Hehalutz-Histadrut Rescue Center in Geneva, 1939-1942. (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 161-210
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 161-210
    Keywords: Hechalutz (Organization) ; Jews History 1939-1945 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Foreign public opinion, Eretz Israel ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Preparations for establishing the Rescue Center began in September 1939 but were slowed down by difficulties in reconciling the different orientations of the Yishuv and other Zionist organizations. Notes efforts made by Nathan Schwalb, of the World Hehalutz Center, to found the liaison office in Geneva, in the face of the tendency of the Yishuv leadership, until 1942, to reduce its operating expenses there. Describes various forms of rescue activities, such as maintaining contact with the Zionist organizations under Nazi rule; collecting information on the fate of the Jewish communities; sending parcels; organizing illegal border crossings; transferring funds to subsidize the halutz organizations in occupied countries. Concludes that, due to the dedicated work of the representatives of the Zionist Labor Movement in Geneva, the Center served as a focus of contacts, relief, and rescue for European Jews, despite the tardy reaction and insufficient responsiveness of the Yishuv's institutions.
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