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  • 2020-2024  (17)
  • New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc.  (17)
  • Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Christian
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    An extended refutation of doctrinal correlates in John 8-9. (2024)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 66,1 (2024) 18-37
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 66,1 (2024) 18-37
    Keywords: Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Punishment Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Reward (Jewish theology)
    Abstract: The doctrinal continuum between ancestral merits and rewards and punishments is well established in Second Temple Judaism and is discernible in John 8–9. Following Philo of Alexandria’s questioning of these doctrinal correlates, the Johannine chapters are subjected to a theological-rhetorical analysis focused on the transitional passage (9:1–5). The passage is here seen not as an introduction to a new theme but as corollary to the preceding chapter(s), having a duo-directional significance, linking a two-part refutation of invariably related doctrines: ancestral merits and rewards and punishments. The rejection or refutation of the latter affirms the rejection or refutation of the former, and vice versa. The Johannine chapters in question have a thematic and dialectical connection; they constitute a substantial part of the broader, interrelated polemic of the Fourth Gospel.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10061
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    "Profane like Esau" : sexual immorality, bitterness, and community abandonment in Hebrews 12:14-17. (2024)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 66,1 (2024) 112-125
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 66,1 (2024) 112-125
    Keywords: Esau Christian interpretations ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Sex in the New Testament
    Abstract: The author of Hebrews accuses Esau of sexual immorality in Heb 12:16. This essay argues Esau’s sexual immorality is his marriage to foreign women, which sowed seeds of discord in the family and led ultimately to his unredeemable exclusion from the community. Esau’s exogamous marriage, as such, is not the concern in Hebrews, but rather how his mixed marriage introduced bitterness into the family and led ultimately to him abandoning the group. Like the wilderness generation in Num 13–14, Esau lost his inheritance by failing to persevere with the community. Tested against recent studies of conversion and deconversion, we see how Esau becomes a paradigmatic community-abandoning apostate and a warning against similar abandonment.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10055
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Name theology in John 1:14. (2021)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 64,2 (2022) 210-228
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 64,2 (2022) 210-228
    Keywords: New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible ; Presence of God New Testament teaching ; God Name ; New Testament teaching ; Logos (Christian theology) History of doctrines Early church, ca. 30-600
    Abstract: In his recent studies, Jörg Frey has proposed that the biblical tradition of Shekhina can be discerned in the expression of the Logos’s dwelling among the believers in John 1:14. Interacting with Frey, this study proposes that Name theology, which account for the temple’s connection with the name of the Lord in the Old Testament, is utilized in John 1:14. The name of the Lord in connection with the temple can be a useful resource to explain the paradoxical identity of the Logos as well as the usage of the glory in the verse. Furthermore, this Name theology can coexist with the biblical tradition of Shekhina in John 1:14.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10015
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Reflecting ancient ethics : reconsidering the mirror metaphor in 1 Cor 13:12. (2022)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 64,3 (2022) 296-317
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 64,3 (2022) 296-317
    Keywords: New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Comparative studies ; Post-biblical literature Relation to the New Testament ; Mirrors ; Metaphor in the New Testament
    Abstract: Scholars usually interpret 1 Cor 13:12 as depicting an eschatological encounter with God because of the repetition of ἄρτι … τότε and the verbal shift from present to future. Additionally, scholars propose that the implied object of βλέπομεν is God, and humanity will see God πρόσωπον πρὸς πρόσωπον. However, New Testament scholarship has struggled to explain the mirror metaphor, δι’ ἐσόπτρου ἐν αἰνίγματι. Scholars argue it is depicting: indirect theophany, mystery religion initiation, or philosophical agnosticism. Conversely, this article argues that 1 Cor 13:12 and the mirror metaphor is best understood within the socially charged discourse of virtue, ethics, and imitation.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10022
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Direct dependence on Philo in the Epistle to the Hebrews. (2022)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 65,4 (2023) 517-543
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 65,4 (2023) 517-543
    Keywords: Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Post-biblical literature Relation to the New Testament
    Abstract: The near consensus opinion that the author of Hebrews was not directly influenced by Philo needs to be reevaluated. Even though there are no obvious cases of borrowing, the cumulative weight of the evidence indicates a more linear relationship than what may be accounted for by situating them both within Hellenistic Judaism. A number of parallels are sufficiently detailed to suggest direct dependence. These parallels are of a formal character, such as the metaphor of the dagger and the particular use of the terms ὑπόστασις, ἀρχηγός, τελειόω, ἄθλησις, τεχνίτης, and δημιουργός, as well of a material nature, concerning the development of key ideas, such as the eternal nature of the Son, his Melchizedekian high-priesthood, and the perception of the heavenly sanctuary.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10054
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Not the prophet like Moses, but the one of whom the Prophets spoke. (2022)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 64,4 (2022) 432-449
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 64,4 (2022) 432-449
    Keywords: Jesus ; Moses Christian interpretations ; New Testament. Relation to Deuteronomy ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Christian ; Bible Quotations in Acts
    Abstract: The dominant interpretation of Acts 3:22 and 7:37 understands Deut 18:15, 18–19 to be applied to Jesus so as to identify him as an anticipated, individual “prophet like Moses.” Interpreting these verses instead as understanding Deut 18 as a general reference to prophets, however, provides a smoother reading that aligns with the Lukan theme of the prophetic anticipation of Jesus as the messiah. Other literature does not provide decisive support that Deut 18 would be interpreted as prophesying an individual. Jesus is not the prophet like Moses, but rather the one of whom Moses and the prophets spoke.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10028
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Job's endurance (Jas 5:11b) : Greco-Roman virtue in the Letter of James. (2022)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 64,4 (2022) 469-488
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 64,4 (2022) 469-488
    Keywords: Job Christian interpretations ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Testament of Job Comparative studies
    Abstract: Interpreters have often struggled to account for the way in which the author of James employs the figure of Job as an example of ὑπομονή (Jas 5:11). Since a “steadfast” or “patient Job” is clearly incongruous with the book of Job, the Testament of Job is often forwarded as the preferred source of James’ Joban tradition. This article argues that James’ language of ὑπομονή should be read against its wider Greco-Roman literary background, and when done so, the Greek term emerges as an active, aggressive virtue, best rendered “enduring resistance.” The article posits that the author of James has reread the book of Job within this Greco-Roman literary framework, resulting in a congruent, though thoroughly Hellenistic, reading of Septua-gint Job in which the virtue of endurance takes on a newfound centrality.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10027
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    The double entendre of Paul’s trade as σκηνοποιός (Acts 18:3) : working for Israel’s restoration in the Greco-Roman world. (2021)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 64,1 (2022) 36-53
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 64,1 (2022) 36-53
    Keywords: New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Restoration Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History of doctrines ; Greek language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; Eschatology New Testament teaching
    Abstract: The word σκηνοποιός (Acts 18:3), a hapax legomenon, has been the subject of intense scrutiny because it may disclose the socio-economic nature of Paul’s trade. However, attempts to reconstruct historically his trade have not confidently identified its accurate historical reference. Since this difficulty derives from Luke’s choice of vocabulary—he uses a word that is very rare in the canon of Greco-Roman literature—this study attends to the word’s rhetorical setting that may explain Luke’s lexical choice. This choice would enhance the word’s symbolic value although weakening its referential value. Σκηνοποιός is plausibly an instance of Lukan etymological wordplay that draws on the continued symbolism of σκηνή in Luke-Acts—a term that captures Luke’s restoration eschatology.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10005
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Jubilee debt cancellation and Luke’s Gospel. (2020)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 63,3 (2021) 304-322
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 63,3 (2021) 304-322
    Keywords: New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Debt cancellation (Jewish law) ; Jubilee (Judaism)
    Abstract: This study questions the argument that references to debt in Luke’s gospel (particularly Luke 6:34–36; 7:36–50; 11:2–4; and 16:1–9) should be viewed in relation to the biblical Jubilee. After a survey of Jubilee debt cancellation in the Old Testament and Second Temple literature, it is concluded that debt cancellation and the Jubilee were usually understood to be separate concepts. It is then argued that this is consistent with how debt texts in Luke’s gospel are presented; there are no words or syntactical patterns which suggest reliance on Jubilee traditions. Finally, it is argued that the concept of debt in Luke’s gospel served a variety of purposes, none of which need to be viewed in reference to the Jubilee.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341697
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    Gathered into one : Mary and Judas in John 11-13. (2020)
    In:  Novum Testamentum 63,3 (2021) 323-345
    Details
    ISSN: 0048-1009
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 63,3 (2021) 323-345
    Keywords: Mary, ; Judas Iscariot ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament
    Abstract: This article reconsiders the two enigmatic scenes of Mary at Jesus’ feet in John 11 and 12. Previous scholarship has recognized ordered connections between John 11–12, and between John 12–13. Examination of John’s distinctive linkage between Mary and Judas uncovers an artistic network of figural cantilevers and triads that connect, or gather into one, scenes from all three chapters: Jesus’ Raising of Lazarus, Mary’s Anointing of Jesus, and the Foot Washing. This network architecture enables information transfer and implicit commentary between the three contexts, which in turn illuminates Jesus’ emotional anagnorisis with Mary on his way to Lazarus’ tomb, as well as Mary’s unconventional wiping of the ointment from his feet with her hair. Her opposition to Judas points up her alignment with Jesus, wherein he shares her tears and she shares his anointing. Finally, this network model provides an intelligible platform for the migration of key Synoptic elements away from John’s Anointing into his Lazarus story.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341706
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