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  • 2020-2024  (39)
  • 2023  (39)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The meaning of Psalm 73:24b : revisiting an old crux from the perspective of verbal valency. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 301-315
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 301-315
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Hebrew language, Biblical Verb ; Dependency grammar
    Abstract: Due to its apparently ambiguous semantics and syntax, Ps 73:24b remains an unresolved crux in Psalms studies. This article brings valency theory to bear upon this cryptic clause. Attention to the valency patterns occurring with the clause’s verb (לקח) presents a contextually compelling solution to its grammatical and semantic difficulties, suggesting that the language of Ps 73:24b may not be ambiguous after all.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10090
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    2 Kings 14:28 : a proposal for solution. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 316-321
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 316-321
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Shuv (The Hebrew root)
    Abstract: Based on the use of the Hebrew verb שוב in Isa 29:17 and the parallel Akkadian verb târu in SAA 12 19, this note suggests that 2 Kgs 14:28 refers to a change in the political status of Damascus and Hamath, which Jeroboam II made similar to that of Judah vis-à-vis Israel.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10097
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    On the origins of evil in the priestly primeval history. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 194-207
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 194-207
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; P document (Biblical criticism) ; Good and evil Biblical teaching
    Abstract: The priestly Primeval History unmistakably depicts the fundamentally conflictual existence of humans on earth through the growth of the human population before the flood in Gen 5 and through the reordering of the world after the flood in Gen 9. The text encapsulates this conflictual existence with the word חמס “violence” (6:11, 13). Gen 5 in its original form, attested by the Samaritan Pentateuch, shows the decline of humanity. Thus, the priestly Primeval History states clearly how it conceptualizes evil and how evil came into the world.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10092
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    A hidden God : Isaiah 45’s Amun polemic and message to Egypt. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 239-265
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 239-265
    Keywords: Amon ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; God Biblical teaching ; Egypt In the Bible
    Abstract: This article demonstrates that Isa 45:1–19 is a pro-Persian oracle of well-being, promising the Achaemenid emperor that he will conquer Egypt, and subsequently impugning the theological ignorance of the Egyptians. The Egyptians misspeak in saying that Yhwh is a “Hidden God” like their own Amun (45:15). The unique title, the only reference to divine hiding that uses the reflexive hithpael, was chosen to echo the reflexive formulations in Egyptian texts (including during the early Persian Period) describing Amun’s self-hiding. Two other aspects of Amun’s mythology as creator are also alluded to: His close association with the primordial chaos (45:18–19) and his identification as the divine potter (45:9). Each would have been understandable to an audience in Egypt that lived among the cults of its deities in a very hybridized religious culture. They also would have been clear to elites in Jerusalem who were in regular contact with the Egyptian diaspora.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10093
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Confused language in Ezra 10:44. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 208-219
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 208-219
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Language, style ; Marriage Biblical teaching
    Abstract: Ezra 10:44 has been known to be notoriously difficult to translate due to its awkward syntax and unconventional use of words. Contrary to various scholarly assessments, this article will argue that the author deliberately constructed this verse in a confusing manner. The context of Ezra 10 and the wordplay embedded within the verse all point towards the fact that Ezra 10:44 is an example of confused language. The use of confused language, thus, suggests that the ending of Ezra is purposely not made clear. The reader is left with no clarity as to the eventual outcome of the foreign wives and their children .
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10101
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    An army like goats : a semantic and zoological reconsideration of 1 Kings 20:27. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 283-300
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 283-300
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Hebrew language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; Goats in literature
    Abstract: This article examines the tendencies surrounding 1 Kgs 20:27 and ultimately proposes an alternative translation for and understanding of the phrase כִּשְׁנֵי חֲשִׂפֵי עִזִּים. We open with a survey of major English translations and commentary by salient interpreters to emphasize tendencies associated with the passage. We then examine the grammar and semantics of the passage in conjunction with ancient translations in order to highlight a disconnect between the translations and the Hebrew text. We then evaluate a proposal from Amitai Baruchi-Unna and argue that while he properly considers behavioral traits of the genus Capra to explain the imagery of 1 Kgs 20:27, his proposal is ultimately deficient. In response, we consider the phrase כִּשְׁנֵי חֲשִׂפֵי עִזִּים in conjunction with specific behaviors and physiological characteristics of certain species within the genus Capra. We propose that the description of the Israelite army may recall specific behaviors and characteristics of rutting male goats.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10094
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    The rendering of unclean birds in an Arabic translation of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 171-193
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 171-193
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Peshitta ; Bible. Versions ; Bible Translating ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Birds in the Bible ; Purity, Ritual Biblical teaching
    Abstract: This article examines the lists of unclean birds (Lev 11:13–19; Deut 14:12–18) based on a Christian Arabic translation found in twenty medieval manuscripts. While previous research has discussed the bird lists in the Hebrew and Greek traditions, very few studies have analysed the Syriac and Arabic versions. The present essay first demonstrates that the tradition represented by these manuscripts goes back to a single translation, which is itself a fairly literal rendering of the Peshitta. Since the Arabic list, like the Syriac, omits five prohibited birds, the article then turns to explain their omission by comparing the Syriac list with other late antique and early medieval Jewish sources. Finally, it draws several conclusions for the transmission of the bird lists and more generally for the study of Arabic Bible translations.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10095
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Song of Songs 1:1 : text and paratext. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 220-238
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 220-238
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, Textual
    Abstract: The argument draws upon literary theory to revisit the two clauses that, traditionally, make up Song 1:1. (1) The title evaluates the work as the song-most of songs. I argue that the evaluation refers to the work’s manifold form of simulation—a literary work representing the speech of a dreamer, who speaks from both inside and outside the dream. (2) The scoring in MT, the rubric in LXX (Sinaiticus, Alexandrinus), ancient interpreters and modern all take the first words of the Song of Songs to be a heading, comprising title (שִׁיר הַשִּׁירִים) and attribution (אֲשֶׁר לִשְׁלֹמֹה). I argue that the clause marked and understood as an attribution may be the beginning of the character’s speech.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001150
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    "She gazed through the window" : gender and grammatical voice in ancient Hebrew. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 266-281
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 266-281
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Hebrew language, Biblical Gender ; Hebrew language, Biblical Verb ; Sociolinguistics
    Abstract: The verbs נִשְׁקַף and הִשְׁקִיף are usually both rendered into English as “to look down,” with no apparent difference in meaning despite their occurrence in the niphal and the hiphil, respectively. However, there seems to be a clear pattern in the choice between the two binyanim, which is determined by the gender of the person described. The author’s selection of either stem may give us a glimpse into the Weltanschauung of the biblical writers and their perception of how men and women acted in society and on the stage of life. In one interesting instance regarding queen Jezebel (2 Kgs 9:30), the regular linguistic pattern is reversed to further emphasise the stark contrast between her character and the usual way in which female characters are described in the Hebrew Bible. Paying attention to the general pattern also gives additional evidence in the question of the identity of the speaker in Prov 7:6.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10098
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    Moabite ethnicity and territorial claims in the Mesha stele (and the Hebrew Bible). (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,3 (2023) 415-425
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,3 (2023) 415-425
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Moabites Biblical teaching ; Moabite stone ; Ethnicity Biblical teaching ; Rhetoric in the Bible
    Abstract: This article seeks to clarify the use of “Dibonite” over “Moabite” in the Mesha Stele. To do so, it considers Mesha’s rhetoric, particularly as it pertains to ethnic divisions within the text. It also compares the rhetoric about Moab found in the Mesha Stele with the rhetoric found in the Hebrew Bible.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10115
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