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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  עיונים בתקומת ישראל; מאסף לבעיות הציונות, היישוב ומדינת ישראל 18 (תשסח) 289-306
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2008
    Titel der Quelle: עיונים בתקומת ישראל; מאסף לבעיות הציונות, היישוב ומדינת ישראל
    Angaben zur Quelle: 18 (תשסח) 289-306
    Keywords: ארגון צבאי יהודי (אצ"י) ; הארגון היהודי הלוחם (פולין) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Abstract: Discusses the lack of unity in the Warsaw ghetto between the right-wing Żydowski Związek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union, ŻZW) and the Żydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Jewish Fighting Organization, ŻOB), resulting from prewar rivalry and hostility between the Revisionist right-wing group and the movements that became part of ŻOB. Notes that members of the Revisionists began preparing for resistance already in 1939, and that they and members of Betar were organized into small resistance units by Pawel Frenkiel and Leon Rodal in 1941. In the Vilna ghetto, the shock of the massacres at nearby Ponary in late 1941 caused the various youth movements to set aside their ideological differences and unite against the Germans. However, negotiations in late 1942-early 1943 to achieve the same ends in Warsaw were not fruitful. The Revisionists were considered "fascists" and not trustworthy, and they were told they could join the left-wing ŻOB only as individuals and not as a group, although other movements had joined as groups. After negotiations failed, ŻZW was simply given Muranowska Square, where its members fought valiantly during the uprising of April 1943.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים לג (תשסה) 77-111
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים
    Angaben zur Quelle: לג (תשסה) 77-111
    Keywords: הארגון היהודי הלוחם (פולין) ; ארגון צבאי יהודי (אצ"י) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Note: ראה גם באנגלית.
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  • 3
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: ילקוט מורשת
    Angaben zur Quelle: פ (תשסו) 51-83
    Keywords: ארגון צבאי יהודי (אצ"י) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Abstract: Examines the organization of resistance activities in the Warsaw ghetto. Plans for armed resistance were made in 1942, when the Germans' intent to exterminate the Jews became clear. All the political parties and youth movements, except for the Revisionists and Betar, joined the Jewish Fighting Organization (ŻOB); the Revisionists and Betar founded the Jewish Military Organization (ŻZW) shortly before the second mass deportation and the ghetto uprising. The Polish resistance took no interest in events in the ghetto until the ŻOB's first armed action, which they appreciated; they then provided some (scant) arms. The ŻZW's Polish contacts provided it with somewhat heavier arms. In the first days of the uprising, both organizations attacked the German troops and forced them to retreat; in the following weeks, fighting was from bunker to bunker. Whereas some of the ŻOB's leaders escaped, none of the ŻZW's leaders survived and therefore little is known about them. Emphasizes that they must be recognized for their important contribution, but contests the allegations of Moshe Arens that the ŻZW was the first to organize and that the battle they fought was the dominant one in the uprising.
    Description / Table of Contents: ארנס, משה: תשובה למאמרו של פרופסור ישראל גוטמן. שם פא (תשסו) 191-194.
    Description / Table of Contents: גוטמן, ישראל: הערות בעקבות ה"תשובה" של משה ארנס. שם 195-199.
    Note: באנגלית: , "Moreshet" 5 (2008) 7-47
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  • 4
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: ילקוט מורשת
    Angaben zur Quelle: פ (תשסו) 27-50
    Keywords: ארגון צבאי יהודי (אצ"י) ; הארגון היהודי הלוחם (פולין) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Abstract: Discusses the role in the Warsaw ghetto uprising of the Żydowski Związek Wojskowy (Jewish Military Union, ŻZW), the resistance group of the Revisionist Zionists and their youth movement, Betar. In 1939 most of the leaders of Betar in Warsaw fled to Vilna. The resistance group was established by members who had served as officers in the Polish army and realized already in 1939 that they would have to fight. All members of the movement had received military training to prepare them to fight in Palestine. Describes some of the leaders of the group, its organization, and its connections with two Polish resistance groups. The ŻZW did not join the Jewish Fighting Organization (ŻOB), but its members took part in many battles during the uprising. They hoisted the Zionist and Polish flags on a roof in the center of the ghetto, and held off German and Ukrainian forces for several days. Most of the leaders and fighters in the group were killed during the uprising or afterward.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2008
    Titel der Quelle: Israel Affairs
    Angaben zur Quelle: 14,1 (2008) 6-28
    Keywords: Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Poland) ; Żydowski Związek Wojskowy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Note: In Hebrew: , "האומה" 172 (תשסח) 24-38, 173 (תשסט) 35-41
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 33 (2005) 101-142
    Keywords: Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Poland) ; Żydowski Związek Wojskowy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Abstract: Presents a detailed account of the part played in the Warsaw ghetto uprising by the Zionist right-wing combat organization Żydowski Związek Wojskowy (ŻZW, the Jewish Military Organization). The ŻZW adopted more active combat tactics than the ŻOB (the left-wing Zionist resistance group), preparing itself for a prolonged battle in the area of Muranowski Square. Contends that the fiercest fighting during the uprising took place in the areas defended by the ŻZW.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Holocaust and Genocide Studies 19,2 (2005) 201-225
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2005
    Titel der Quelle: Holocaust and Genocide Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19,2 (2005) 201-225
    Keywords: Anielewicz, Mordechai ; Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa (Poland) ; Żydowski Związek Wojskowy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Warsaw (Poland) History Warsaw Ghetto Uprising, 1943
    Abstract: Historians usually give the lion's share of the credit for the Warsaw ghetto uprising to the Jewish Fighting Organization (ŻOB) and neglect the Jewish Military Organization (ŻZW). However, the available evidence reveals that the ŻZW played an important role in the fighting that took place in the ghetto between 19-28 April 1943. Describes the activities of the ŻZW between 1939-42, its structure and leadership. The nucleus of the ŻZW was formed by Jewish Polish Army officers in 1939. The leadership emerged from the ranks of the youth organization Betar after prewar leaders fled to the East. Many of the founders had received military training in the Polish Army or in the Irgun Tsva'i Le'umi in the interwar period. Their personal contacts with Polish military officers proved essential as they armed themselves for battle with the Germans. Compares the ŻZW composition and strategy to those of ŻOB.
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