Language:
English
Year of publication:
2004
Titel der Quelle:
Aleph; Historical Studies in Science & Judaism
Angaben zur Quelle:
4 (2004) 191-261
Keywords:
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Antisemitism History 1922-1945
;
Fascism History 1922-1945
;
Jews History 20th century
;
Science History 20th century
;
Racism History 20th century
Abstract:
Examines the relation between science, racism, and antisemitism in Italy in the 20th century. Contrasts German Nazi biological racism (despite some periods and elements of similarity) with Italian fascism's more cultural, "spiritual" racism. While German racism was a direct cause of the Final Solution, Italian racism, which was related to eugenics and was an important aspect of Italian science, was only a contributing factor to Italian antisemitism. The latter culminated in the anti-Jewish laws, which were not mere reflections of the Nuremberg Laws. Discusses in detail the ideas of several Italian scientists. Stresses that racism and antisemitism were strongest among the cultured and upper classes, including those who benefited from the ousting of Jews from professorships. Italian racism was first connected with concerns about demography and a perceived threat of race-mixing that the fascists associated with the Ethiopians they had conquered. These racist concerns were then transferred to the Jews in Italy.
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