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  • 1
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 34,1 (2020) 1-23
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Museums ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Commemoration ; Museum architecture
    Abstract: This essay proposes an analysis of the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust (LAMOTH) as a new mode of Holocaust commemoration by architecture. The main claim of the essay is that LAMOTH proposes, an alternative to postmodernist and deconstructivist modes of Holocaust commemoration in architecture. In order to show and elaborate on this new mode of commemoration, the essay briefly outlines the history of the LAMOTH's an organization and analyzes its previous locations. It also demonstrates that LAMOTH current location and building’s design stems from ideas about fluidity, continuity and the fold, particularly the ways in which the French philosopher Gilles Deleuze defined those concepts. Finally, the essay discusses the significance of Holocaust commemoration that emerges from this type of architecture.
    Note: In Hebrew: , "דפים לחקר השואה" לג (תשף) 103-126
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2021) 123-138
    Keywords: Heinrich Böll Foundation (Washington, D.C.) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Study and teaching (Higher)
    Abstract: The ‘Unite the Right’ rally on 11 and 12 August 2017, shook the city of Charlottesville, Virginia, and spurred a national conversation about the long history of racial oppression in the United States and the future of its democracy. This article reviews the Transatlantic Partnership on Memory, Responsibility and Transformation, a collaboration between the Heinrich Böll Foundation North America and the Center for German Studies at the University of Virginia. Launched in response to the violent rally on the university's grounds and in downtown Charlottesville, the partnership adds a transnational dimension to antiracist pedagogy and Holocaust education. Through interdisciplinary projects, it challenges students to translate classroom learnings into hands-on practice of participatory democratic citizenship in local communities. The partnership's aim is to situate the study of memory and history in contemporary discussions of racial justice and responsible citizenship and to animate students to find urgency and relevance in the specific lessons of the Holocaust and in broader, transnational legacies of systemic oppressions. Starting with a discussion of the initiative's origins in the aftermath of far-right violence, this article offers some of the lessons learned through the partnership, as well as recommendations for others who might wish to explore similar pedagogical practices and programing.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Journal of Holocaust Research 35,2 (2021) 91-105
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2021) 91-105
    Keywords: Neo-Nazism History ; Neo-Nazism ; Right-wing extremists History 20th century ; Antisemitism History 20th century
    Abstract: This article takes a transatlantic approach to the history of the Far Right by examining the American influence on German neo-Nazism from the 1970s through the 1990s. The main argument reveals a disturbing yet hitherto unacknowledged reality, which has implications for the way we understand the global Far Right today: the strengthening of Germany’s neo-Nazi movements would have been unthinkable without US involvement. In the decades after Hitler, when East and West Germans struggled to suppress Nazism, American neo-Nazis exploited the US right to free speech and the increasing ease of global communications to circumvent restrictive German censorship laws and ship propaganda across the Atlantic Ocean. In so doing, they contributed to the expansion of a worldwide network of Holocaust deniers and galvanized a new, younger generation of neo-Nazis on both sides of the Berlin Wall who turned their hatred not only against Jews but also against the immigrants and asylum seekers who arrived in the context of postwar mass migration to Europe. In exposing these transatlantic far-right entanglements, the article makes several interventions into the study of German history, Holocaust memory, and antisemitism. First, it speaks to recent historiographical approaches that aim to analyze the role of the long taboo concepts of ‘race’ and ‘racism’ in German efforts to come to terms with the Nazi past. Second, it reconsiders the triumphalist Cold War narrative of America’s influence on post-Hitler Germany; not only does it highlight the failure of US denazification efforts to eradicate the racist mentalities of the Third Reich, but it also reveals that American actors played a crucial role in re-Nazifying Germany. Finally, it encourages historians to examine the politics of racism, xenophobia, and Holocaust denial beyond nation-state borders as a means to better understand the resurgence of global far-right extremism today.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2021) 154-162
    Keywords: Trump, Donald, Influence ; Antisemitism History 21st century
    Abstract: Antisemitism, which has been called the “longest hatred,” appeared to be on a sharp decline in the United States in the early years of the new century. Over the past five years, antisemitism has surged to life, registering a 100% increase in reports of antisemitic incidents in the United States between 20016—18. That period coincides, and not by accident, with the presidency of Donald Trump, who declared himself to be a friend of Jews and a strong supporter of the state of Israel, has lapsed into stereotypical representations of Jews as beholden to money and loyal only to their own. In this way, the boundary between philosemitism and antisemitism became hard to trace. It is especially noteworthy that Trump arrogated to himself the right to define Jews, a move that calls to mind the infamous declaration of the mayor of Vienna in the late nineteenth century, Karl Lueger: “Who is a Jew—that I determine.” This paper explores the naming of Jews not only in the context of Trump's declarations, but also policy formulations such as his Executive Order on antisemitism and the IHRA definition.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Journal of Holocaust Research 35,2 (2021) 139-153
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,2 (2021) 139-153
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Study and teaching 21st century ; History ; Sex crimes History 20th century ; National socialism Study and teaching 21st century ; History
    Abstract: Written and revised in stages, from the “BC,” pre-COVID “Age of Trump” era to an uncertain current transitional moment in February 2021, the article considers questions about shifting approaches to research, teaching, and public engagement in Holocaust Studies and the history of National Socialism. It argues that, precisely in order to deepen and focus understanding of the Nazi legacy in the “Age of Trump,” especially among diverse politically attuned students, we can no longer think the Holocaust outside of a more comparative history of genocide, war, displacement, and extreme violence across time and place. The article suggests two specific arenas of inquiry that seem especially suitable for this ongoing rethinking and repositioning of Nazism and the Holocaust in comparative studies of trauma and resistance. First, a focus on expanding the chronological and geographical parameters to highlight the global dimensions of flight and rescue, especially in non-Western colonial or semi-colonial regions. Secondly, recent scholarship on gender—a “Holocaust #MeToo” moment—revealing still mostly untold stories about sexual violence and coercion as well as instrumental sexuality, desire, and even love during the Holocaust, opens up questions that can both integrate and differentiate histories of Nazism and the Holocaust in comparative studies and contemporary experience.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,3 (2021) 214-232
    Keywords: Jews, East European History 20th century ; Jewish refugees History 20th century ; World War, 1914-1918 Jews ; World War, 1914-1918 Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Galicia, Eastern (Ukraine) ; Bukovina (Romania and Ukraine)
    Abstract: Although in the focus of antisemitic and National Socialistic propaganda, our level of knowledge about the ‘Ostjuden’ (Eastern Jews) relates almost to the time before World War I, it was precisely the war that drove Galician and Bukovinian Jews from their homeland and reshaped this group. Because of the collapsed bureaucracy, increasing antisemitism, and mutual mistrust, it is difficult to identify this group within the city: ordinary registration forms were often not completed. This contribution defines the Viennese ‘Ostjuden’ on basic of the birth registers of the Jewish Community. The given information about the parents provides a more comprehensive picture of origin, social status, place of residence, and so on. Most of them – neither the refugees, nor those who had left the successor states of the former Austrian monarchy – were denied Austrian citizenship and were not seeking to return to their ‘homelands.’ The status of designated statelessness posed an existential risk for those affected after the National Socialists came to power. Therefore, this article explores the extent of the effect of the Nazis’ murder machinery and whether they managed to escape.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,3 (2021) 163-178
    Keywords: Auslander, Shalom. ; Frank, Anne, In literature ; American fiction Jewish authors ; History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Commemoration ; Memory (Philosophy) Moral and ethical aspects
    Abstract: This article examines Jewish-American author Shalom Auslander’s 2012 novel Hope: A Tragedy, whose main character Solomon Kugel is ‘sick of the Holocaust’ and dreams of moving to a place ‘unburdened by the past, unencumbered by history.’ Desperately trying to escape the images of concentration camps imposed on him since he was a child, Kugel finds himself trapped in memories of the Shoah, especially when he finds a malodorant, angry, and ‘terribly old’ Anne Frank living in his attic. The following article focuses on the ethics of forgetting explored in the novel, in relation to Björn Krondorfer’s 2008 article ‘Is Forgetting Reprehensible? Holocaust Remembrance and the Task of Oblivion,’ which argues that ‘deliberate performative practices of forgetting might benefit communities affected by a genocidal past.’ I reflect on how particular forms of oblivion (or lack thereof) are explored in Auslander’s text, as some characters are paralyzed by their inability to forget and others destroyed by the guilt of wanting to forget. I argue that this text illustrates several contemporary Jewish writers’ desire to break away from the trauma of the Shoah, highlighting the detrimental effects of an overwhelming, painful past on younger generations.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Journal of Holocaust Research 35,3 (2021) 196-213
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,3 (2021) 196-213
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish ghettos ; Transnistria (Ukraine : Territory under German and Romanian occupation, 1941-1944)
    Abstract: This article explores the ghettos in Transnistria from a social perspective with the goal of reconstructing the responses of ghettoized Jews to the limitations imposed by the Romanian authorities. The hypothesis I propose argues that survival was a matter of recategorizing interaction in order to make the social reality more predictable. The approach is both historical and sociological, with emphasis put on Ervin Goffman’s analytical interactionist frame and his theorization of the total institution. While the article considers official documents, in order to analyze the victims as social actors invested with agency, oral sources are given preeminence.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Journal of Holocaust Research 35,3 (2021) 179-195
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 35,3 (2021) 179-195
    Keywords: Auschwitz (Concentration camp) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Jews Correspondence ; Jews, Slovak Correspondence
    Abstract: As a client state of Nazi Germany, the Slovak Republic was granted a number of benefits. One such alleged benefit was the allowing of correspondence between the deported Slovak Jews and those who remained in Slovakia. This article investigates the highly censored letters sent by Slovak Jews shortly after their deportation, in which they manage to code essential information on the destruction of Slovak Jewry. By examining these letters, which supposedly present the ‘good life’ of the Slovak Jews in their ‘new home,’ this article explores which information was ‘officially’ provided to Jews in Slovakia under the dictates of wartime propaganda and through the control of the enforced local Jewish Council—the Jewish Center—and what knowledge was actually being gathered. Such analysis, which specifically concerns the letters sent from Auschwitz-Birkenau, reveals the knowledge of the remaining Slovak Jewish community following the deportations to camps and ghettos in occupied Poland in 1942. By analyzing these letters alongside additional sources, such as postwar testimonies, the article sheds light on the impact these letters had the reactions and decisions made by the Jews who remained in Slovakia.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Journal of Holocaust Research 36,2-3 (2022) 240-260
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: The Journal of Holocaust Research
    Angaben zur Quelle: 36,2-3 (2022) 240-260
    Keywords: Ravensbrück (Concentration camp) ; Holocaust survivors Interviews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Jewish women in the Holocaust Biography ; Jews Biography ; Guernsey
    Abstract: Julia Brichta, a Jewish–Hungarian refugee, came to the Channel Island of Guernsey in 1939, a year before the arrival of the German occupying forces. The story of what happened to her during the war in Ravensbrück was told in her own words on several occasions between 1945 and 1965, yet the specifics of her path to Ravensbrück and her role as a camp policewoman there, have hitherto been unclear. Based on surviving archival documents, this paper attempts to untangle the evidence to establish some of the facts behind this ‘grey zone’ survivor of the Holocaust. It examines Julia’s path towards Ravensbrück and the ways in which her pre-camp and camp experiences impacted the ways in which she narrated her story between 1945 and 1965. Whether she was a non-Jewish resistance heroine or a Jewish perpetrator who lied about her wartime activities, this paper argues that in the end, such judgments are simplistic and mask the complexity of survivor stories. Instead, seeking to understand changes in testimony over time based on the audience as well as pre-camp and camp experiences offers a more fruitful path of analysis.
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