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  • 2020-2024  (27)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Unwillingly on the road : forced Jewish migration at the municipal level in Slovakia (1939-1945). (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,3 (2021) 20-32
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,3 (2021) 20-32
    Keywords: Forced migration ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Social aspects
    Abstract: Forced Jewish migration in the Slovak State (1939–1945) during World War II is usually approached from the perspective of the deportations to the Nazi concentration camps. Yet, theinvoluntary migration trajectories of persecuted Jews, even within Slovak territory, also reflected the gradual development of anti-semitic policies and their direct consequences oneveryday Jewish life in the wartime period. Numerous members of the Jewish communityhad experienced forced – in some cases even multi-layered – displacement both at the municipal and intra-state level even before the first transport left from Slovakia to Auschwitz on25 March 1942. The main aim of this article is to analyse the trajectories of forced Jewishmigration at the urban level. It especially considers the personal and spatial consequences ofthe limitations on the Jewish living space that were brought about by the restrictions on living in and renting apartments in designated zones, such as in the localities renamed afterAdolf Hitler and Andrej Hlinka, the founder and first leader of the Hlinka’s Slovak People’sParty
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0321/ART_MLON01
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Everyday antisemitism in interwar Latvia : experiences and expressions through the lens of oral history. (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,3 (2021) 48-64
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,3 (2021) 48-64
    Keywords: Jews History 20th century ; Antisemitism History 20th century
    Abstract: This article examines forms of antisemitism in interwar Latvia. Based mainly on testimoniesfrom Jewish and non-Jewish witnesses, it investigates how exclusionary practices by nonJews were expressed and impacted on people in their everyday life. Latvia had no antisemiticlegislation in the 1920s and 1930s, but state structures facilitated societal antisemitism,which was more widespread than scholarship has recognised. The Jews in Latvia were affected regardless of societal standing, linguistic, or religious affiliation. Animosities existedamong all ethnic groups to a degree, but attacks against Jews were of a different quality. Despite frequent interaction which sometimes turned into ‘inter-ethnic’ affection, the majorityof society did not perceive the Jews as fellow compatriots.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0321/ART_POPP01
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    The Holocaust in the Bohemian lands : research questions and voids, sources and data. (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,2 (2021) 5-12
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,2 (2021) 5-12
    Keywords: Karny, Miroslav ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; Bohemia and Moravia (Protectorate, 1939-1945)
    Abstract: This introduction summarises the rationale for this ‘national’ special issue devoted to thehistory of the Holocaust in the Bohemian lands. It discusses the legacy of the historian Miroslav Kárný and the historiographic pause and disorientation following his death in 2001.Before summarising the articles, it analyses the recent polarisation of historiographic debates with regard to the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. It tackles disputes around thelocal, or Czech, entanglement in the persecution of Roma and Sinti and around comparisonswith the genocide of Jews. It discusses the attacks on research that critically challenges common assumptions about Czech solidarity with Jews and the one-sided, top-down approachto the history of the Holocaust in the Protectorate.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0221/ART_MFRA01
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Between resistance and collaboration : the ambiguity of the Protectorate gendarmes’ service in the Theresienstadt Ghetto (1941-1945). (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,2 (2021) 13-37
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,2 (2021) 13-37
    Keywords: Theresienstadt (Concentration camp) ; Jewish ghettos ; Police ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Bohemia and Moravia (Protectorate, 1939-1945)
    Abstract: The article analyses the role members of the Czech Protectorate gendarmerie played in thepersecution of the Jews during the Second World War. A Special gendarmerie unit guardedTheresienstadt, the only major Jewish ghetto created during the war in the occupied Bohemian lands. Whilst some of the gendarmes supported Jewish prisoners and tried to alleviatetheir plight, others collaborated with the SS unit – in charge of the ghetto, behaved brutallyor denounced prisoners for any transgressions of the ghetto laws. Most of the gendarmerieunit vacillated between both extremes and remained passive observers to the events. Thearticle centres on both extremes of support and betrayal, and asks what they can reveal aboutthe wartime service of the gendarmes in the ghetto and their role in the persecution of theProtectorate Jews, as well as those deported to the ghetto from Germany, Austria, the Netherlands and other territories.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0221/ART_JLAN01
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Survivor testimony about theatre in the Terezín Ghetto : a longitudinal case study. (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,2 (2021) 38-57
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,2 (2021) 38-57
    Keywords: Miška, František, ; Theresienstadt (Concentration camp) ; Nadace Terezinska iniciativa ; Holocaust survivors ; Witnesses ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), and the theater ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Public opinion
    Abstract: Scholars in various areas of Holocaust studies have long debated whether and how to usesurvivor testimony as evidence regarding past events. The debate becomes even more fraughtwhen we ask whether testimony can serve as evidence of past subjective attitudes and emotional states. In this case study, I examine four narratives by a single survivor of the Terezín/Theresienstadt Ghetto, František Miška, narratives that may help answer the question: Whydid prisoners choose to engage in theatrical performances in the ghetto? I will begin by examining Miška’s 2006 testimony in the context of contemporary public discourses, and thenby comparing his testimonies from 2006, 1997, 1963, and 1948. Ultimately, I will concludethat, in a longitudinal study, the most appropriate method for testing reliability may varydepending on the period being examined. A careful reconstruction of contemporary discourse is indispensable in using testimonies from the 1940s and 1960s as evidence. Thisstudy, however, reveals that the reliability of later testimonies is more effectively establishedby comparing narratives by the same survivor across time.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0221/ART_LPES01
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Survivor testimonies on German-Jewish "Mixed Marriages" : historiography, potentials and challenges. (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,3 (2021) 4-19
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,3 (2021) 4-19
    Keywords: Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Research ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Interfaith marriage Jews
    Abstract: The history of ‘mixed marriages’ was for the longest time a rather neglected topic in Holocaust studies, but it has gained considerable attention since the early 1990s. This attentionthus coincided with the heyday of large oral history projects. This article looks back at therole and place of oral history and survivor testimonies in the historiography of ‘mixed marriages’ and explores the potential for future research, by examining the body of such testimonies (both by the parent and the children generation) in the Fortunoff Video Archive forHolocaust Testimonies.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0321/ART_NHAG01
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Statistical analyses of Theresienstadt prisoners examples and future possibilities. (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,2 (2021) 58-71
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,2 (2021) 58-71
    Keywords: Theresienstadt (Concentration camp) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Research ; Holocaust survivors Statistics
    Abstract: This article uses a near-complete database of prisoners in the Theresienstadt Ghetto to provide statistical comparisons of death risks according to country of residence and gender,conditional on age, social status proxies, and the timing of the prisoners’ arrival in theghetto. We also estimate conditional Holocaust survival differences for Theresienstadtprisoners on transports to Auschwitz. Our aim is to complement the existing historicalresearch on Theresienstadt and to illustrate the possibilities of statistical analysis of theHolocaust in the present-day Czech Republic. To this end, we also discuss other availabledata.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0221/ART_SJTJ01
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Oskar Scheuer and student fraternities in Vienna : negotiating Jewish difference. (2021)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 8,3 (2021) 33-47
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 8,3 (2021) 33-47
    Keywords: Scheuer, Oskar Franz, Political and social views ; Jewish physicians Biography ; Jews Public opinion
    Abstract: A dermatologist by training, Franz Oskar Scheuer (1876–c.1941) renounced his Jewish ancestry in order to embrace the German nationalism associated with the student fraternitiesFidelitas and Allemannia. As the editor of the magazine Deutsche Hochschule (German University) between 1910 and 1922, Scheuer found himself at the centre of debates over Jewishdifference, Zionism, Germanness, and anti-semitism. After criticising Vienna’s Zionists before the First World War, Scheuer argued for the importance of tolerating Jews once Austria’sfraternities became increasingly anti-semitic. His polemics and his use of historical researchprovide valuable insights into the delicate balance that nationalist Germans of Jewish descent had to maintain during the first decades of the twentieth century.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0221/ART_RCLA01
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Listening into silences : what Soviet postwar trial materials resist to reveal about the Holocaust. (2020)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 7,1 (2020) 4-12
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 7,1 (2020) 4-12
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; War crime trials Sources History
    Abstract: This article draws on Soviet postwar investigations of crimes and trial materials in order to illuminate how the representation of wartime anti-Jewish violence shapes contemporary historians’ knowledge of the Holocaust. The study intertwines two different but tightly connected strands of analysis: the first delineates gaps in Soviet postwar trial documentation while placing them in the sources’ specific legal and social contexts. The second thread of inquiry highlights the challenges resulting for the study of the Holocaust.
    DOI: 10.23777/SN.0120/ART_DDUM01
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    Post-Holocaust migrations from Poland to America : an exercise in microhistory. (2020)
    In:  S: I. M. O. N. 7,1 (2020) 13-25
    Details
    ISSN: 2408-9192
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: S: I. M. O. N.
    Angaben zur Quelle: 7,1 (2020) 13-25
    Keywords: Jews Biography ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Holocaust survivors Biography ; Holocaust survivors Biography ; Jews Migrations
    Abstract: This article seeks to reconstruct the trajectory of a Polish Jewish family, the Cyngels, from their pre-war life up to their migration to America in the early 1950s, encompassing their various experiences of war (survival in Poland and the Soviet Union) and of the aftermath of the Holocaust in Poland and Germany. It seeks to highlight the value of a microhistorical approach towards post-Holocaust migrations, as well as the need for a deeper understanding of the different group identities of Jewish migrants. The article adopts a comparative perspective, examining the experiences of the Cyngel family alongside those of other Jewish survivors from their hometown in Poland. Attentive to the agency of Jewish migrants in responding to the challenges of their post-war situation, the article pursues a history from below of the different displaced persons camps through which the Cyngels passed, complemented by a historiographic analysis drawing above all on camp administrations archives, alongside archival collections located in Poland and those of diverse international institutions. In addition, the article revisits established opinions on different aspects of post-Holocaust Jewish migration, such as the experiences that shaped the trajectories of migrants and the strategies which they adopted in response to the various constraints imposed on them by the International Refugee Organization (IRO).
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