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  • 2020-2024  (114)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45,4 (2021) 561-575
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45,4 (2021) 561-575
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Restoration ; Biblical teaching ; God Biblical teaching
    Abstract: My analysis of Jer 29 argues for including v. 15 in the unit describing God’s ‘good plans’, which is delimitated almost always as vv. 10-14. A review of translations and commentators reveals v. 15 to be a crux interpretum, which often is ‘solved’ through textual transposition. Discussing the omission of vv. 16-20 in Jer-LXX as well as some standard indicators of delimitation, such as speech formulas, conjunctions, and scribal paragraph markers, I argue for reading v. 15 as the exiles’ direct response to the preceding divine promises. This understanding of the structure of Jer 29 shifts the main message of the prophet’s letter from God’s ‘good plans’ to the addressee’s rejection of these plans. For a post-exilic readership, the letter explains the suspension of divine restoration and elevates the New Covenant promises of Jer 30-31.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45,4 (2021) 576-587
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45,4 (2021) 576-587
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible Postcolonial criticism ; Psychic trauma Biblical teaching
    Abstract: Jione Havea observes how over the years Jonah has repeatedly found himself hurled into a swirling sea of interpretative methods, bobbing up and down on waves of traditional, contemporary, mainstream, and marginalized approaches. This article seeks to enter these churning waters and consider how these interpretative waves flow together to form new waves, which invite us to metaphorically surf together with the prophet Jonah, who once more has been tossed into a sea of readings. I propose that several important theoretical perspectives concerning postcolonial trauma theory are valuable for the ongoing conversation regarding what it means to read Jonah in the context of colonization, both ancient and modern. In particular, this article will focus on what postcolonial trauma theorists describe as the ‘material,’ ‘spatial,’ and ‘collective’ aspects of trauma instead of the ‘individual, temporal, and linguistic’ qualities highlighted by earlier (Western) trauma theorists (Visser, ‘Decolonizing Trauma Theory,’ 253)
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 45,4 (2021) 588-604
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 45,4 (2021) 588-604
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Authorship ; God Biblical teaching
    Abstract: As the first of the songs of Ascents, Psalm 120 might be seen as key to understanding the whole corpus, but its content remains poorly understood. This study suggests that its author was a smith-poet committed to the Edomite/Qenite traditional worship of YHWH, here complaining about participating, through the fabrication of iron weapons, in the demise of Edom (553 BCE). On this reading, the poem becomes a lament on the irremediable demise of traditional (metallurgical) Yahwism after the rise of iron metallurgy and its transformation of war. Introducing the Ascents, this song might express the search for an alternative form of Yahwism emancipated from the original metallurgical dimension. Expressed in Israel, this alternative Yahwism becomes praised in the other songs of Ascents. This interpretation corroborates the rise of a group of Edomite poets (Ezrahites) in Jerusalem in the early Persian period and its integration within the temple staff.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 443-459
    Keywords: Tobit (Apocryphal book) Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Wit and humor in post-biblical literature ; Endogamy and exogamy In post-biblical literature
    Abstract: This article argues that comic moments and comic characterisation are used in Tobit as a means of satirically exposing a type of Yahwism characterised by inward-looking piety, religious and ethnic endogamy, and simplistic notions of retribution. Comic moments and comic characterisation, are therefore important ethical devices in Tobit used to expose the problematic nature of an obsessive emphasis on religious boundary maintenance as demonstrated by the extreme version of endogamy that Tobit endorses. The article argues that the theme of “insults” in Tobit, and the distinction between public and private behaviour serves to destabilise the main character’s hyper-religiosity. The article suggests that Tobit’s restrictive form of Yahwism and his overzealous Yahwistic piety are exposed and undermined in Tobit to illustrate for audiences that the deity Yhwh does not operate within a mechanistic moral calculus. The article pays close attention to the significance of the language and translations of Tobit when making this case.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 460-479
    Keywords: Eglon, ; Ehud ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Wit and humor in the Bible
    Abstract: Judg. 3.12–30 details the assassination of King Eglon of Moab by the Benjaminite Ehud ben Gera. Many scholars insist that the story was originally meant to be funny, contending that the text casts Eglon (i.e. ‘Little Calf’) humorously as a slaughtered bovine. Indeed, some regard the text as ‘satire’, though there remains no consensus as to what, exactly, constitutes the butt of the joke. In this article, I argue that Eglon’s fat and Ehud’s feigned oracle work together to form a comical critique of foreign rulers and their reliance on divination. The argument draws on Victor Raskin’s semantic theory of verbal humour along with a re-examination of fat on elite male bodies in the Hebrew Bible and the practice of ancient oracle giving, as reflected in cuneiform sources. I thus aim to elucidate ways the text would have registered as humorous and meaningful for an ancient West Asian audience.
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  • 6
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 423-442
    Keywords: Hezekiah, Biblical teaching ; Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) In the Bible ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Blood Biblical teaching ; Ritual in the Bible ; P document (Biblical criticism) ; Presence of God Biblical teaching
    Abstract: According to 2 Chronicles 29.20–24, Hezekiah’s re-inauguration of the temple involved a purification offering for all Israel in which the blood manipulation did not include the sevenfold sprinkling of blood in front of the veil (Lev. 4.17) or daubing blood on the horns of the incense altar (Lev. 4.18), as stated in the prescriptive text of P. This article proposes that the apparent inconsistency can be explained by examining the Chronicler’s conception of YHWH as cosmic God and global king. The location of the divine presence tends to be in heaven for the Chronicler rather than from within the tabernacle, as illustrated in P. The difference in perspective constitutes a decisive theological reason for the Chronicler’s particular depiction of the blood manipulation in Hezekiah’s re-inauguration of the temple.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 46,4 (2022) 480-494
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 480-494
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Presence of God Biblical teaching ; Purity, Ritual Biblical teaching
    Abstract: The working assumption in much secondary literature on Leviticus is that unchecked sin and impurity threaten, even endanger, YHWH’s earthly presence. Accordingly, purgation within the Israelite cult is primarily viewed as a means of securing and safeguarding divine immanence. Support is drawn from ANE concepts of sanctuary desecration, the exit of YHWH’s כבוד from the temple in Ezekiel 8–11 and tannaitic formulations. Nevertheless, this article contends that Leviticus nowhere indicates or assumes the departure of YHWH’s presence from the sanctuary. On the contrary, Leviticus asserts the permanence of divine presence and the resulting danger posed to impurity and its sources. This dynamic better coheres with the wider texture of the Pentateuch. In fact, importing motifs from ANE, Ezekielian and rabbinic sources arguably distorts the rhetorical force of Leviticus in its literary setting.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 46,4 (2022) 516-529
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 516-529
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, Form ; Bible. Social scientific criticism ; Group identity Biblical teaching
    Abstract: The form of Ps. 79 is often assessed as disoriented and disorienting. This study examines how the disoriented form of Ps. 79 creatively bolsters communal identity in the face of affliction primarily on the basis of the psalmist’s contention that God remains faithful to the covenant community. When one assesses the form of the psalm through the framework of social identity theory, three social creativity strategies become apparent, which facilitate a positive reassessment of social identity following crisis, namely, (1) the psalmist redefines the valence of the community’s state of affliction as an attribute that should inspire God’s compassionate response, (2) the psalmist engages in downward social comparison by villainizing adversarial nations for their arrogance and iniquity, and (3) the psalmist embraces the community’s commitment to worship. Consequently, the psalm’s medium and message enable recovery from its life setting.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 46,4 (2022) 530-547
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 530-547
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Intertextuality in the Bible ; Burial Biblical teaching
    Abstract: King Asa’s funeral description is the longest in the book of Chronicles and unique in the number of specific details it includes. Scholars generally see Asa’s funeral in 2 Chron. 16.14 in a positive light despite the negative tone of the preceding verses. Certainly, Chronicles is not afraid to portray a Judean king in both positive and negative terms (e.g., Manasseh). However, using an adapted synchronic and diachronic methodology for assessing inner-biblical connections, this study identifies and evaluates the shared language found in Exod. 30.25, 1 Chron. 9.30, and 2 Chron. 16.14. The study reveals a recurrent allusion that is both 1) an indication that post-exilic temple workers followed the Torah and 2) an indictment against using a special anointing oil for honoring the dead instead of honoring God.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 46,4 (2022) 548-562
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the Old Testament
    Angaben zur Quelle: 46,4 (2022) 548-562
    Keywords: Houston, Walter ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Social scientific criticism ; Bible. Socio-rhetorical criticism ; Honor in the Bible
    Abstract: Walter Houston’s article on the death of Nadab and Abihu is one of the few attempts to bring a social science model of honor and shame to bear on the Pentateuch. This article will argue that he did not go far enough in tracing how honor and shame bring coherence, not just to the Nadab and Abihu incident but also to all of Lev. 10. In particular, honor also explains the speeches of Yhwh and Aaron, the transition from the prohibition of mourning to Aaron’s grant of interpretive authority, and the overall narrative tension and resolution of the chapter’s narrative. This article will briefly review and critique Houston’s article and then argue that Lev. 10 contains a rhetoric of honor that coordinates relationships between Yhwh, priests, and people in a way that brings greater coherence to the chapter as a whole.
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