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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The ethno-necrocratic state : Mamillah and the aterlives of ethnocracy in Israel. (2022)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 54,4 (2022) 623-646
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 54,4 (2022) 623-646
    Keywords: Islamic cemeteries ; Cemeteries Law and legislation ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Land use
    Abstract: Using the unique and historic Islamic cemetery of Mamillah in Jerusalem as a primary example, this essay discusses the ethno-necrocratic order that led to the 2008 Israeli High Court of Justice's codification of the supremacy of Jewish bodies and afterlives over non-Jewish ones, on the basis of advancing Israel's values. Hundreds of Palestinian burial grounds, starting with village cemeteries, have been destroyed since 1948. Indeed, funerary sites have testified to the omnipresence and millenarian existence of a population that the state has sought to erase from memory. In a few decades, the deathscape was radically altered, in cities as in the countryside. Although real estate corruption plagues Israeli politics, land use planning and real estate capitalism are inseparable from the ethno-racial politics of exclusion, which affect both the dead and the living.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743822000526
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Searching for the last Genizah fragment in Late Ottoman Cairo : a material survey of Egyptian Jewish literary culture. (2022)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 54,3 (2022) 423-441
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 54,3 (2022) 423-441
    Keywords: Cairo Genizah ; Jews Historiography
    Abstract: The Cairo Genizah is well known as a repository for hundreds of thousands of manuscripts that the Jewish residents of Fustat (Old Cairo) produced and consumed in the premodern period. Foreign “collectors” acquired most of these manuscripts for European libraries in the second half of the nineteenth century, with the majority arriving at the Cambridge University Library in 1897 under the auspices of Solomon Schechter. Less well known is the fact that hundreds of Genizah fragments were produced in the late nineteenth century, even as European collectors were scouring Cairo for ancient texts. This later corpus includes witnesses to the social and economic history of late Ottoman Cairo and provides copious evidence for the material history of Egyptian Jewish literary activity at that time. Despite this, it remains understudied for both Ottoman and Jewish history. Late Genizah material also raises questions about the integrity of “Cairo Genizah” manuscript collections around the world, as some fragments postdate Schechter's Genizah “discovery,” and others were never in Egypt at all.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743822000356
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Algorithmic state violence : automated surveillance and Palestinian dispossession in Hebron's old city. (2022)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 55,3 (2023) 461-478
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 55,3 (2023) 461-478
    Keywords: Electronic surveillance ; Military intelligence ; Palestinian Arabs ; Arab-Israeli conflict ; Hebron (West Bank)
    Abstract: This article provides an ethnographic account of automated surveillance technologies' impact in the occupied West Bank, taking Blue Wolf—a biometric identification system deployed by the Israeli army—as a case study. Interviews with Palestinian residents of Hebron subjected to intensive surveillance, a senior Israeli general turned biometric start-up founder, and testimonies from veterans tasked with building up Blue Wolf's database provide a rare view into the uneven texture of life under algorithmic surveillance. Their narratives reveal how automated surveillance systems function as a form of state-sponsored terror. As a globalized information economy intersects with the eliminatory aims of Israeli settler colonialism in Hebron, new surveillance technologies erode Palestinian social life while allowing technocratic settlers to recast the violence of occupation as an opportunity for capital investment and growth. Attending to the texture of life under algorithmic surveillance in Hebron ultimately reorients theories of accumulation and dispossession in the digital age away from purely economistic framings. Instead, I foreground the violent political imperatives that drive innovations in surveillance, in Palestine and worldwide.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743823000879
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Beyond the nation-state : a network analysis of Jewish emigration from Northern Morocco to Israel. (2020)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 52,1 (2020) 1-21
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 52,1 (2020) 1-21
    Keywords: Jews, Moroccan History ; Jews, Moroccan Social conditions ; Israel Aliyah ; Morocco Emigration and immigration
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743819000916
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Bankrupt : financial life in late Mandate Palestine. (2020)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 52,2 (2020) 289-310
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 52,2 (2020) 289-310
    Keywords: Banks and banking History ; Palestinian Arabs Economic conditions ; Mortgage banks ; Jewish-Arab relations
    Abstract: In the late 1930s, the first independent Arab banks in Palestine, the Arab Bank and the Arab Agricultural Bank, sued customers who had defaulted on loans in an attempt to maintain solvency. Their indebted customers, unable to pay, fought back to prevent their lands from being foreclosed and sold to Zionist buyers. Each party claimed that its position was consistent with, indeed essential to, the anti-Zionist nationalist cause. The story of these pioneering Arab banks and their legal battles with their customers in the wake of the 1936-1939 revolt provides insight into Arab financial life in Mandate Palestine. It reveals the banks’ struggles to survive; complicates notions of Arab-Palestinian landlessness and indebtedness; and argues that political and economic exigencies, not reductive notions of collaboration or patriotism, produced the banks’ antagonistic relationship with their customers, whereby the survival of one came at the expense of the other.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743819001120
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Decolonizing the figure of the migrant, or what does Palestine teach us about the migrant question?. (2020)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 52,1 (2020) 150-153
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 52,1 (2020) 150-153
    Keywords: Arab-Israeli conflict Refugees ; Migrations of nations History ; Nationalism Philosophy
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    A tale of three brothers : Ezra, Meʾir, and Hayyawi Sawdaʾi and the history of an Iraqi Jewish cinema business. (2023)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 55,4 (2023) 630-649
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 55,4 (2023) 630-649
    Keywords: Motion pictures History ; Jews ; Motion pictures History 20th century ; Motion picture industry ; Family-owned business ; Jewish families ; Jewish businesspeople ; Iraq History 20th century
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743823001484
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Changing capitalist structures and settler-colonial land purchases in Northern Palestine, 1897-1922. (2023)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 55,4 (2023) 675-692
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 55,4 (2023) 675-692
    Keywords: Land settlement History 1882-1917 ; Capitalism ; Real property ; Land tenure ; World War, 1914-1918 ; Palestinian Arabs Land tenure ; Zionism ; Eretz Israel Economic conditions 1517-1917, Ottoman period ; Eretz Israel Politics and government 1882-1917
    Abstract: By tracing Zionist and German Templer efforts to buy arable private property in Palestine between 1897 and 1922, I show the ways in which the changing balance of Ottoman and Levantine forces over land and labor—as well as political and economic institutions and social structures—facilitated settler-colonialism in northern Palestine. In this article, I examine official records of the Ottoman state, Jewish organizations, and Levantine, Jewish, and Templer real estate papers. I argue that changing capitalist practices in northern Palestine, driven especially by interactions of Beirut-based companies with the changing global capitalist market, facilitated settler-colonialism in the region. Specifically, Ottoman state-sponsored violence during World War I increased peasant dispossessions in the fertile region of northern Palestine, already in progress since at least the mid-19th century, making settler colonies possible.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743823001290
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Muslim-Jewish sexual liaisons remembered and imagined in 20th-century Yemen. (2021)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 53,1 (2021) 39-55
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 53,1 (2021) 39-55
    Keywords: Interfaith dating ; Muslims Sexual behavior ; Jews Sexual behavior ; Jews Folklore Folklore
    Abstract: Despite mutual taboos against exogamy, memoirs and similar materials written by Jews from Yemen contain a number of anecdotes describing love affairs and sexual encounters between Muslims and Jews prior to the mass migration of the vast majority of Yemen's Jews to Israel in 1949–50. These stories associate these liaisons with vulnerability, poverty, and marginalization. In them, sex and conversion to Islam are intrinsically connected, yet this interreligious intimacy leads not to resolution but to ongoing identity crises that persist beyond the community's realignment with a majority-Jewish society. The staging of the anecdotes in rural areas where shariʿa norms held only nominal sway, in watering places and hostels where strangers might interact, and at dusk, when identity is difficult to discern, heightened their ambiguity.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0020743820001105
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    Conversion, identity, and memory in Iranian-Jewish historiography : the Jews of Mashhad. (2021)
    In:  International Journal of Middle East Studies 53,2 (2021) 235-251
    Details
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: International Journal of Middle East Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 53,2 (2021) 235-251
    Keywords: Jews History ; Crypto-Jews History ; Jews Identity 19th century ; History
    Abstract: The paper discusses the narratives of Jews from Mashhad, who were forced to convert to Islam in 1839. The community narrative as well as academic research is dominated by a modern understanding of religious identity and religious boundaries that fail to account for the diversity of practices among the community of converts, including multiple forms of religious belonging, and the switching of identities according to time and place. Based on historical sources and interviews with descendants from the Mashhadi community, the paper traces how a particular narrative of the history of the Jews from Mashhad prevailed and which significance this narrative entails for Mashhadi community and identity until today. While the Jews from Mashhad are a rather unique case among Iranian Jews–due to the long period in which they lived as converts–their pattern of memory building reflects a general trend among Jews from the Muslim world to assimilate to modern ideas of being Jewish.
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