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  • 2020-2024  (11)
  • History  (9)
  • Talmud Bavli. Criticism, interpretation, etc.
  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Prayers to angels and the early Sefirotic literature. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,1 (2020) 22-35
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,1 (2020) 22-35
    Keywords: Judaism Prayers and devotions ; History and criticism ; Angels Judaism ; Sefirot (Cabala) ; Mysticism Judaism 13th century ; History
    Abstract: The issue of substituting direct worship of God with prayers addressed to angels has provoked debate in Jewish sources from the first centuries CE until the modern period. During the 12th and 13th centuries, this issue was the subject of vivid debate. The relationship between prayers to angels and prayers to the sefirot, as well as the relationship between sefirot and angels, during the period of the formation of the sefirotic literature has not yet been systematically examined in scholarship. In a preliminary attempt to address this lacuna, this article outlines and investigates the objections of the sefirotic theosophists to the worship of angels, from which it emerges that the sefirotic literature is not only a mystical and mythical response to medieval Jewish philosophy, but also evolved as a conservative rabbinic reaction to Jewish medieval mythical and magical beliefs that were suspected of being contradictory to monotheism.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0003
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    A Jewish magical handbook in the Babylonian Talmud. (2022)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 29,3 (2022) 242-260
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 29,3 (2022) 242-260
    Keywords: Talmud Bavli. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jewish magic Sources History ; Incantation bowls ; Incantations, Aramaic ; Cairo Genizah
    Abstract: Among the medical and magical discussions in the sixth chapter of BT Shabbat, there is a distinct unit of four curative spells intended for combatting demons or disease. This spell unit has a unified structure that resembles the literary style of late antique Jewish magical handbooks and is replete with parallels to the contemporary Jewish Aramaic incantation bowls. This article analyzes the talmudic spell unit and argues that it is well situated within the Jewish Babylonian magical tradition of Late Antiquity. It then examines the style and content of two additional spells from a Geniza fragment of BT Shabbat. It proposes that the talmudic spell unit stemmed from an external local magical handbook and discusses possible implications regarding the relationship between Babylonian rabbis and magic practitioners and the transmission of Jewish magical traditions.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2022-0014
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Spinoza's critique of Maimonides in the context of Dutch Hebraism. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,1 (2020) 36-57
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,1 (2020) 36-57
    Keywords: Spinoza, Benedictus de, ; Maimonides, Moses, ; Christian Hebraists ; Political science Philosophy 17th century ; History
    Abstract: Spinoza's critique of Maimonides is usually read as a reflection of his relationship with his Jewish identity. Scholars have alternately argued that Spinoza inherits key aspects of his philosophy from Maimonides, thus pointing to Spinoza's sustained Jewishness even after excommunication, or that Spinoza's attack on Maimonides demonstrates the depth of his animosity towards his Jewish past. This article looks to re-orient the discussion, arguing that Spinoza's critique of Maimonides is best understood in the context of 17th-century Dutch interest in Maimonides. Dutch political Hebraists both revered Maimonides and relied heavily on his works to construct models of governance based on the ancient Hebrew polity. For Spinoza, both Dutch political Hebraists and Maimonides incorrectly ascribe eternal philosophical relevance to the Bible. Spinoza's attack on Maimonides doubly undermines Dutch political Hebraism, both by discrediting its primary source of information about ancient Israel (Maimonides) and by condemning its methodological premises, which Spinoza identifies as Maimonidean.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0004
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Reports, evaluations and coerced religious revolutions : a postcolonial critique of the Altaras-Cohen report. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,1 (2020) 58-72
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,1 (2020) 58-72
    Keywords: Altaras, Jacques Isaac, ; Cohen, J. ; Jews History 19th century ; Jews Identity ; History
    Abstract: This paper studies the Altaras-Cohen Report, a report about the Jews of Algeria that was presented to the French government in 1842, from a postcolonial perspective. By doing so, it strives to penetrate the implicit intentions and the interpretive structures through which 19th-century French Jews apprehended different types of Jewishness. Portraying Altaras and Cohen's work as colonial literature, the paper discusses inter-Jewish hierarchies in which Jews not only criticize »other« forms of Jewishness as inferior, but also have access to formal state powers with which they can directly coerce »other« Jews into being Jewish in a certain way. The paper also explores the idea of reporting (scrutinizing and measuring a certain population, constructing measurable variables, doing »field work,« etc.) as a colonial praxis that establishes and demonstrates supremacy and control.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0005
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Broadcast language before the establishment of the State of Israel : a linguistic study of the Carmel newsreels. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,4 (2020) 394-414
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,4 (2020) 394-414
    Keywords: Broadcasting History ; Hebrew language History 20th century ; Hebrew language, Modern History ; Hebrew language, Modern Pronunciation ; Eretz Israel Languages ; History
    Abstract: This article explores the linguistic features of broadcast Hebrew as evidenced in the Carmel newsreels, short films that were shown before feature films in cinemas in Eretz Israel starting in the mid-1930s. For researchers of Modern Hebrew, this corpus is a veritable treasure, conserving audio recordings from the 1930s and 1940s. These reels provide extremely rare authentic examples of the register of Broadcast Hebrew before the establishment of the State of Israel. The reels document early examples of a formal spoken language in development, exhibiting a preliminary standard that would not be fully adopted in later generations, shedding light on the tensions between the preferred official standard and the spontaneous language spoken by the public in the first decades of the 20th century. In this paper I examine trends in the development of Modern Hebrew from its early days to the present through the language of the newsreel narration.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0024
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Romanesque beyond Christianity : Jewish ritual baths in Germany in the 12th and 13th centuries. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,4 (2021) 369-387
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,4 (2021) 369-387
    Keywords: Mikveh Design and construction ; Mikveh ; Christianity and other religions Judaism To 1500 ; History ; Jews History ; Rhineland (Germany) Buildings, structures, etc.
    Abstract: This article examines Jewish Christian relations in the High Middle Ages through the prism of religious architecture and ritual, focusing on the architecture of Jewish ritual baths from the Rhineland region in Germany. I argue that the baths of Speyer, Worms, Friedberg, Offenburg and Cologne were designed to maximize the experiential power of ritual immersion and arouse symbolic associations to support the ceremony. Architectural details such as unusual depth, ornament, lighting schemes and monumentality contributed to a spectrum of immersion ceremonies described in contemporary sources. These are contextualized in concurrent developments in Christian religious architecture and ceremonial use of architectural space.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0021
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Abraham Ibn Ezra's account of the composition of the Torah : a medieval precedent for biblical criticism?. (2023)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 30,2 (2023) 184-205
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30,2 (2023) 184-205
    Keywords: Ibn Ezra, Abraham ben Meïr, Criticism and interpretation ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish To 1500 ; History ; Bible. Authorship
    Abstract: Critical biblical scholarship emerged in the early modern period, yet scholars frequently search for precursors to it among medieval commentators – and many mention Abraham Ibn Ezra in this context. In several places Ibn Ezra claims that there are verses in the Torah that were added to it after the time of Moses, and some major thinkers and scholars in the early modern period were influenced by these remarks. However, this belief of Ibn Ezra's is not based on the considerations that led the founders of critical biblical scholarship to their conclusion that Moses did not write the Torah. His positions on the question of the Torah's authorship are an example of the fact that similarity in conclusions and even in interpretive methodology should not obscure the different interpretive and attitudinal points of departure that distinguish traditional biblical interpretation from critical biblical scholarship.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2023-0011
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    German guilt, white guilt : the politics of reforestation and the return of the gardening state. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,3 (2020) 225-239
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,3 (2020) 225-239
    Keywords: Jews, Soviet Government policy ; Jews, Soviet Social conditions ; Germany Ethnic relations 21st century ; History
    Abstract: This response puts Tzuberi's analysis into a broader comparative context. First, the post-1990 attempt to create Jews in the image of the liberal-secular German nation-state met considerable resistance by the Central Council of Jews in Germany. In addition, the majority of post-Soviet Jews showed no interest in liberal Jewish theology or the fantasy of reviving the German-Jewish past. Second, the milieu of Judaizing Germans (core architects of German-Jewish revivalism) shows a strong resemblance to other attempts of escaping colonial whiteness, including patterns of what has been called »ethnic fraud.« Third, in comparison to other cases of minority repatriation, the German practice of expiatory demographic engineering was relatively cost-intensive, but contributed considerably to the country's »nation re-branding« after reunification. Fourth, the German politics of reforestation vis-à-vis its Jewish community points to the rise of a post-migratory »gardening state,« heavily invested in regulating its diverse population through a policy mix of migration, education and surveillance.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0016
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Rejecting Judeo-Christian privilege : the first step towards semitic solidarity. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,3 (2020) 298-318
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,3 (2020) 298-318
    Keywords: Antisemitism Philosophy 21st century ; History ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Philosophy ; Genocide Philosophy ; Christianity and other religions Judaism 21st century ; History ; Religions Relations 21st century ; Racism Philosophy
    Abstract: As a first step towards Semitic solidarity, I (cautiously) engage with a privilege that is complex, in that it is partially attributed and partially assumed: Judeo-Christian privilege, which has yet to be studied by scholars. I begin by conceptualizing and analyzing Judeo-Christian privilege, which, like all privileges, is both material and ideational. Next, I consider the argument for and against the uniqueness of the Shoah that helped establish Judeo-Christian privilege. I then turn to arguments about anti-Semitism, and specifically its relation to other forms of racism and how these argument support Judeo-Christian privilege. Lastly, I argue against using a rhetoric of uniqueness, because it potentially prevents the identification and challenging of a violent pattern of exclusion that remains present today. Without denying the importance of differences between genocides and forms of racism, I aim to demonstrate how these arguments can be an impediment to solidarity and justice.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0020
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    The renaturalization of rabbinic thought and ancient Jewish science : nonhuman agency, rabbinic nosology and the intransigence of the world. (2024)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 31,1 (2024) 1-23
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 31,1 (2024) 1-23
    Keywords: Talmud Bavli. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Medicine in rabbinical literature ; Nosology History ; Environmental health
    Abstract: In order to begin to make sense of rabbinic preoccupations with the nonhuman world, in this article I argue that rabbinic thought should be understood as participating in the wider gamut of Late Antique knowledge production and as such should be theorized (at least partially) as ancient science, in its insistence on description, classification and understanding. I demonstrate this by interrogating a rabbinic nosology classification of disease (nosology) found in a story in the Babylonian Talmud that affords agency and subjectivity to diseases and the larger sugya it is part of, which describes God's world and its signification as intransigent and resistant to human intentions (Avodah Zarah 54b-55a). In exploring this story in the context of the larger talmudic discussion based on mAZ 4:7, I employ new materialism and science and technology studies to reexamine rabbinic epistemologies and ontologies of the nonhuman and human alike.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2024-0002
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