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  • 1
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 2007
    Titel der Quelle: Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine
    Angaben zur Quelle: 54,3 (2007) 63-90
    Keywords: Dreyfus, Alfred, ; Blum, Léon, ; Antisemitism History 1800-2000 ; Trials (Treason)
    Abstract: Antisemitism first arose in the French Chamber of Deputies in 1895, when two deputies proposed that Jewish "influence" in France should be limited by law. In 1898-99, the Dreyfus Affair divided opinions in Parliament (the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate); antisemitism in France and Algeria was hotly debated. In spring 1898, 28 deputies formed an antisemitic group headed by Éduard Drumont; however, the group was dissolved between 1900-02. The victory of the left-wing bloc in 1902 forced the rightists and nationalists to unite in defense of Catholicism; the former members of the antisemitic group joined them. A new group of antisemitic deputies got together, this time headed by Jules Delahaye, a fanatic antisemite and supporter of Action Française. In the early 20th century, antisemitism began to take on a coherent political form and definitively moved to the extreme Right, though some support was still to be found within the Left. In the 1920s, parliamentary antisemitism centered around anti-communism, and also targeted the socialist Léon Blum, but with the victory of the Popular Front in 1936 anti-Jewish sentiment soared, Xavier Vallat having introduced antisemitism into the criticism of the Jewish Prime Minister. From 1938 on, the antisemitic atmosphere intensified. Concludes that from the late 19th century until 1940, antisemitism solidified into a political program, able to turn the idea of exclusion of the Jews into reality.
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  • 2
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vichy, les Français et la Shoah; un état de la connaissance scientifique
    Angaben zur Quelle: 212 (2020) 153-181
    Keywords: Laval, Pierre, ; Lévy, Claude, Correspondence ; Chambrun, René de, Correspondence ; World War, 1939-1945 Deportations from France ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: La Grande Rafle du Vél d’Hiv by Claude Lévy and Paul Tillard was published in May 1967. This inquiry about the roundup that took place in Paris on July 16, 1942 caused a sensation (enthusiastic press, strong sales, etc.). What it revealed shocked public opinion—especially the role the Vichy head of government, Pierre Laval, played in handing over thousands of Jewish children born in France to the Nazis. For the first time, the anti-Semitic crimes of the Pétainist regime were widely covered by the media. Laval’s son-in-law, René de Chambrun, was incensed by the book and wrote to one of the authors, Claude Lévy. Lévy responded. These letters showcased the revisionist rhetoric about Vichy’s anti-Jewish policy that was popular in 1967. At the time, new information was emerging thanks to researchers who saw it as their role to speak on behalf of the victims. This article provides a historical context to these letters and examines this period, which had a pivotal effect on both history and memory.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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