Language:
English
Year of publication:
2023
Titel der Quelle:
Music and Exile
Angaben zur Quelle:
(2023) 29-52
Keywords:
Jewish musicians History 20th century
;
Jewish refugees History 20th century
;
Exiles
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Austria History Anschluss, 1938
;
Netherlands History German occupation, 1940-1945
Abstract:
Occupied by Nazi-Germany in May 1940, the Netherlands was not the safe haven that over 300 Austrian music professionals had hoped for when fleeing their country after the Anschluss. For about one hundred musicians with an Austrian background, who did not succeed to move on to the Netherlands’ neighbouring countries or overseas in time, it meant being stranded, sharing the tragedy of Dutch Jewry. In spite of resistance and rescue, the history of the Netherlands under German occupation is also a history of naivety, indifference, collaboration and betrayal, resulting in the highest number of Jews (in relation to the Jewish population) in Western Europe being deported and murdered during the Second World War. As little attention has thus far been paid to the specific areas of exile from Austria in the Netherlands – and to Austrian music exile in particular, the story of these musicians, who permanently or for a longer period found refuge in the Netherlands during the Second World War has, with a few exceptions, remained untold. In this very first article on Austrian music exile in the Netherlands, three categories will be examined more deeply, covering a wide range of professions and music scenes: musicians from Austria who already lived or worked in the Netherlands before the Anschluss; the vast group of transmigrants; and music exiles who were trapped in the Netherlands after May 1940.
DOI:
10.1163/9789004544109_004
URL:
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