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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 37-52
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 37-52
    Keywords: Catholic Church Missions ; Catholic Church Doctrines ; Bible Versions ; History ; Bible Translating ; Androcentrism
    Abstract: For centuries Catholic biblical scholars translated the Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek books of the Bible into English with the goal of producing even “better” translations than before. Yet whether these translations follow the principles of formal or dynamic equivalence, no translation is without theological, cultural, gender, racial, and ethnocentric biases, as all translations are interpretations. Many translations thus reflect the theological positions of religious denominations commissioning them. The forthcoming revision of the Catholic New American Bible is not an exception. This essay considers the androcentric preferences in some of the latest contemporary scholarly Bible translations into English and then examines the revised translation of the anticipated new edition of the Catholic Bible, the principles guiding the translation revision, and the issues that both the translation and principles bring to the fore. While the essay refers to the forthcoming edition of the Catholic New American Bible as a whole, the focus is on the revision of the Old Testament in particular.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 199-212
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 199-212
    Keywords: Bible Feminist criticism ; Neoliberalism
    Abstract: This essay investigates the challenges of feminist biblical scholarship within “the neoliberal university.” After a short introduction to “neoliberalism,” which is based on Manfred B. Steger’s and Ravi K. Roy’s description of neoliberalism as an ideology, a mode of governance, and a policy package, the essay addresses the various tensions between the values central to feminism and the values constitutive of the neoliberal university. The essay shows that some feminist Bible scholars have begun reflecting on the impact of neoliberalism on feminist biblical studies. The essay indicates the direction for further work, including feminist reception history and empirical studies on the conditions for feminist biblical scholarship in “the neoliberal university.”
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 495-507
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 495-507
    Keywords: Delilah ; Bible Gay interpretations ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Femmes fatales in the Bible
    Abstract: Close your eyes and think of Delilah. Whom do you see? What does she look like? More often than not, this biblical character is visualized in both interpretive traditions and cultural retellings of Judges 16 as a femme fatale par excellence—a fatal woman whose exotic feminine allure and lethal sexuality ultimately destroyed Samson, that most heroic Hebrew holy man. In this chapter, I use gender-queer theory to interrogate the very “straight” ways in which these retellings make sense of the multiple ambiguities surrounding Delilah’s character within the biblical narrative. I take an intersectional approach, interpreting Delilah’s sexuality, gender, and ethnicity through a queer lens to conjuring up a myriad of alternative performances that her persona may inhabit. By so doing, I invite readers into delightfully queer spaces in the text that challenge essentialist reading habits and bring to light critical theoretical insights about Delilah’s interpretive and cultural afterlives.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 525-541
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 525-541
    Keywords: Bible Feminist criticism ; Bible Hermeneutics ; Church history 21st century
    Abstract: The egalitarian interpretation of Scripture is based on the view that Scripture does not limit women’s roles and contributions in any arena, including the Church. Although egalitarians recognize that Scripture represents patriarchal interests, their interpretations highlight the positive depictions of women in the Bible. They claim that many women figures disrupt traditional interpretations of gender. This position contrasts to complementarian biblical interpretations that use the Bible to restrict women from ecclesial leadership, without attention to textual and historical contexts that mitigate universal application. Christian egalitarians also contribute to feminism’s concern about women’s global equality via social media campaigns, organizations, blogs, and scholarship. The essay discusses relevant examples to show that all of them focus on women’s experiences in church, biblical teaching, and Christian feminist identity.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 509-523
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 509-523
    Keywords: Bible Feminist criticism ; New Testament Feminist criticism ; Transgender women ; Androgyny (Psychology)
    Abstract: This essay adds another voice to feminist and woman-centered voices in biblical interpretation: the transgender voice, specifically the trans woman voice. Drawn from interviews with transgender persons, the essay explores texts that support trans women and disrupts a binary understanding of gender. I begin with some term definitions and a brief examination of the rich tapestry of women in Scripture who are valued for reasons other than procreation (i.e. Miriam, Deborah, Judith), suggesting that procreation alone is not a viable determinant for womanhood. The essay then turns to Gen. 1:27, a verse that many gender variant interpreters have embraced as confirmation that femininity and masculinity are found in the first human being as an androgyne. This interpretation is echoed in Paul’s use of the baptismal formula. The essay concludes with a reflection on the gifts that a transgender hermeneutic offers feminist and woman-centered methodologies.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 425-439
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 425-439
    Keywords: Bible Study and teaching ; Rape in the Bible ; Rape Social aspects ; Popular culture History 21st century
    Abstract: This essay explores pedagogical strategies for addressing rape culture in biblical studies courses, employing Genesis 34 and Judges 19–21 as primary texts. The first section discusses the nature of popular culture and its impact on gender. The following four sections highlight cultural myths about sexual assault by focusing on significant biblical texts and incorporating aspects of popular media to facilitate conversations about rape culture. The conclusion summarizes the main points and encourage further studies that combine the study of popular media and biblical texts. Overall, the essay contributes to the reading and teaching of the Bible within contemporary rape culture so that students become critical interpreters of biblical texts, as they become resistant readers of past and present rape culture.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 443-459
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 443-459
    Keywords: Bible Feminist criticism ; Patriarchy Biblical teaching
    Abstract: “Patriarchy,” a social science model denoting male dominance, has long been used to represent ancient Israel. However, its validity as a model can be contested. This paper first reviews the history of the patriarchy model in social-science and biblical scholarship, showing how it arose when nineteenth-century anthropologists used Greek and Roman sources (mainly legal texts) in their study of the family, and was then expanded by sociologists (e.g. Weber) to indicate society-wide male dominance; biblical scholarship took up both aspects of the model. It then describes how the patriarchy model has been challenged in several areas: classical scholarship, research on Israelite women, and feminist theory. It concludes by suggesting that “heterarchy” is a more appropriate model.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 575-590
    Keywords: Hagar ; Sarah ; Bible Feminist criticism ; Bible. In art ; Abrahamic religions
    Abstract: The “Abrahamic” has become a common touchstone in the theory and practice of interfaith dialog between Jews, Christians, and Muslims. However, there are major issues with this formula. Most of all, it elevates Abraham but marginalizes his wives, Sarah and Hagar, and so the formula sustains a dubious hegemony in which patriarchs matter more than matriarchs. Although their tales are interpreted in divergent ways in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, related challenges arise in each tradition. In this chapter I unpack some of these issues using works of art by artists including Edmonia Lewis, George Segal, Adi Nes, and Siona Benjamin. The conclusion speculates on the wider possibilities for using the visual arts as a tool for interfaith dialog and feminist critique.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 21-36
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 21-36
    Keywords: Bible Feminist criticism ; Human rights History 21st century
    Abstract: This essay explores the socially restrictive traditions that cause scriptural groups to reject the idea of universal rights and equal access to economic, social and cultural rights. This hermeneutical situation is difficult to tolerate, as our multicultural planet is seeking survival. Ethical issues and the principles of a culture’s morality are often partly religious in nature. The UNUDHR recognizes the right to believe and to promote one’s own beliefs, and it considers these particular rights as being part of a cultural “right to affiliate.” Nevertheless, international human rights law has not successfully promoted full human rights in countries of “Religions of the Book.” The essay thus suggests that appeals to the Bible grounded in human rights must be woven into contextual exegetical work, human rights discourse, and feminist critique. Even so, for women, foreigners, and “Others,” the Bible will remain a serious obstacle for enjoying full economic, social, and cultural rights.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible (2021) 53-64
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Feminist Approaches to the Hebrew Bible
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 53-64
    Keywords: Bible Translating ; Bible Feminist criticism
    Abstract: The essay surveys how Bible translations produced by modern colonial missionaries distorted African cultures and religions with special focus on the Shona people of Zimbabwe. It also explains, by focusing on the Shona translation of Genesis 1–3, how the adoption of the name of the Shona god, Mwari, into the Bible introduced foreign patriarchal notions to the Shona understanding of their god, and also a conception of gender and sexuality that promoted the marginalization of women and oppressive homophobic ideas. The essay concludes with pointing out the need to apply postcolonial feminist approach to Bible translation in order decolonize and depatriarchalize Bible translation and interpretation in Africa.
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