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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The exilic imperative of American Jewry. (2018)
    In:  Religions 9,12 (2018) pp 8
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9,12 (2018) pp 8
    Keywords: Jews Identity ; Jews Dwellings ; Jews Social conditions 21st century
    Abstract: This article considers the existence of an exilic imperative in the historical and identity hermeneutics of American Jewry. Author considers cases of (1) American Jewish identification with racial outsiders, including the appropriation of historical, cultural, and religious forms; (2) the persistent creation of American Jewish ethnoburbs, unlike other white ethnic groups; and (3) the creation of exilic fantasy literature by American Jewish novelists. The author suggests that although American conditions do not justify interpretations of Jewish social alienation, American Jews have nevertheless applied traditional Jewish exilic hermeneutics to those American conditions.
    DOI: 10.3390/rel9120412
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Political economy as a test of modern Judaism. (2019)
    In:  Religions 10,2 (2019) pp 10
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 10,2 (2019) pp 10
    Keywords: Economics Religious aspects ; Judaism ; History ; Judaism History Modern period, 1750-
    Abstract: According to a common narrative, Jews entered the modern world at a steep price. From an autonomous corporation, ruling themselves internally according to their own standards and law, Judaism became a “religion,” divested of political power and responsible only for the internal sphere of “faith” or belief. The failure of this project, in turn, gave rise to the sharp split between Jewish nationalism and religion-based conceptions of Judaism. Many modern Jewish thinkers sought to resolve this antinomy by imagining ways for Judaism to once again form the basis of a “complete life”. This essay seeks to challenge this narrative by examining the extent to which economics, another one of the “spheres” emerging together with modernity and often considered under the same broadly Weberian process of rationalization, ever truly formed part of the holistic, self-contained Jewish autonomous life for which modern thinkers expressed so much nostalgia. It will argue that rather than forming part of the internal world of Judaism and then being fragmented outward into a separate sphere under the pressure of modernity, the “economic sphere” was imagined and defined for the first time in modernity, and projected backwards into earlier eras. This projection was then taken as proof of Judaism’s ability to “be about everything,” whether in a religious or nationalist idiom.
    DOI: 10.3390/rel10020078
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    The relationship of vulnerability to religiosity in the adult Jewish learner. (2019)
    In:  Religions 10,5 (2019) pp 35
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 10,5 (2019) pp 35
    Keywords: Talmud Torah (Judaism) Psychological aspects ; Jewish religious education Methodology ; Jews Identity
    Abstract: This article examines the role of vulnerability in personal religious transformation. It offers several “working” definitions of the terms and also mines the use of the term through the portrait of three adult Jewish learners who each experienced vulnerability as a result of Jewish text study for different reasons. This sense of vulnerability was either itself a religious experience characterized as a mixture of humility, gratitude, and belonging or catalyzed enhanced study that led to a greater sense of knowledge of and participation within a religious community. Vulnerability is understood by one learner as the insecurity of ignorance, which inspired her to take agency for her learning and compensate for pre-existing gaps. For the second, vulnerability is less about ignorance or openness in an act of study, but the insecurity of the performative aspects of Judaism in the shared space of community. This prompted him to learn more to overcome these uncomfortable feelings. For another, vulnerability represents an existential state of humanity that connects all people. Vulnerability for her is a positive state of openness; she seeks out Jewish experiences of study and prayer where she can exhibit her vulnerability in the presence of others equally willing to share their own moments of joy, doubt, humility, and failure. In each instance, vulnerability created a paradoxical motivation to study—the discomfort of not fitting in or knowing enough that, in turn, gave rise to feelings of enhanced religiosity induced by the study experience. To that end, the paper also explores vulnerability as a generative aspect of transformative learning that leads to enhanced spiritual states.
    DOI: 10.3390/rel10050307
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    The future of post-Shoah christology : three challenges and three hopes. (2021)
    In:  Religions 12,6 (2021) pp 13
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 12,6 (2021) pp 13
    Keywords: Holocaust (Christian theology) ; Christianity and other religions Judaism 1945- ; History
    Abstract: Post-Shoah Christology is embedded in the unique relationship of Jews and Christians, especially Jesus’ Jewishness and the Jewish roots of Christianity, as well as Christian moral failures towards Jews before and during the Shoah. Essential for contemporary Christianity, a vibrant post-Shoah Christology confronts three main challenges, each demanding a different response. The first challenge is the reality that soon there will be no more first-generation witnesses to the Final Solution. Such is an inevitable challenge that has to be faced and prepared for. Religious pluralism is the second challenge, and includes a number of related threads, yet should ultimately be embraced. The third challenge is the (inevitable?) loss of memory, passion, and urgency, a willful forgetfulness by Christians towards the importance of the Jewish–Christian relationship, and especially, Christian failure in the Shoah. This challenge demands robust refutation and ongoing struggle. Before addressing these challenges, I will first further define and highlight the need for a post-Shoah Christology and will conclude this article with three general and three concrete hopes for a viable post-Shoah Christology.
    DOI: 10.3390/rel12060407
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    The “Jewish Blackness” thesis revisited. (2018)
    In:  Religions 9,7 (2018) pp 9
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9,7 (2018) pp 9
    Keywords: Black people Relations with Jews ; Jews Identity ; Antisemitism Philosophy
    Abstract: The notion that in previous centuries Jews were considered to be black, or seen as blacks, has gained broad acceptance in scholarly discourse on the Jewish body since the early 1990s. The present article considers the notion analytically and then examines some of the evidence provided to support it. Much of this evidence does not stand critical examination. Therefore, arguably, the notion of Jewish blackness should be reconsidered. View Full-Text
    DOI: 10.3390/rel9070222
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    From secular religiosity to cultural disjunctions : visions of post-traditional Jewishness in the thought of Paul Mendes-Flohr. (2022)
    In:  Religions 13,2 (2022) pp 17
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 13,2 (2022) pp 17
    Keywords: Mendes-Flohr, Paul R. ; Buber, Martin, ; Rosenzweig, Franz, ; Implicit religion ; Jews Identity ; Judaism Philosophy
    Abstract: “Post-traditional” Jewishness—a distinctively modern condition wherein past sources of theological authority and religious normativity are no longer self-evident—has been one of the most abiding interests in Paul Mendes-Flohr’s writings for more than four decades. The present article traces the contours of this concern over time. In a number of publications between 1978 and 1987, Mendes-Flohr highlights “secular religiosity” as a manifestation of post-traditional Jewishness, exemplified by figures such as Martin Buber and Franz Rosenzweig. These early writings intimate the possibility of a critical and yet nonetheless integrated Jewish religious subject, grounded hermeneutically in Jewish sources and sociologically in the Jewish community of destiny (Schicksalsgemeinschaft). Starting in the late 1980s, however, Mendes-Flohr’s representations of post-traditional Jewishness begin to emphasize greater degrees of complexity and, indeed, fragmentation. These later writings gesture less to visions of secular religiosity than toward postures of “undogmatic, pluralistic, and open” self-reflectivity before the ever-changing faces of reality. Throughout this rich trajectory in Mendes-Flohr’s thought, though, we see that he returns continually—and ever more trenchantly—to dialogical life as a grounding principle. View Full-Text
    DOI: 10.3390/rel13020127
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    From dialogue to revelation : alterity and the concept of fraternity (fraternité) in Léon Askenazi’s biblical hermeneutics. (2022)
    In:  Religions 13,5 (2022) pp. 12
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 13,5 (2022) pp. 12
    Keywords: Askénazi, Léon, Criticism and interpretation ; Bible Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish 20th century ; History ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish ; Brotherliness Biblical teaching ; Love Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Jewish philosophy 20th century
    Abstract: In Love: Accusative and Dative, Paul Mendes-Flohr explores ancient and modern Jewish engagements with the commandment to love the Re’a (neighbor) in Leviticus 19:18. Drawing on Rosenzweig’s phenomenology of divine–human love, Mendes-Flohr seeks to delineate the possibility of a humanist ethics of compassion that is not dependent, as in Rosenzweig, on hearing the divine voice. Taking Mendes-Flohr as point of departure, this paper explores the concept of fraternity (fraternité) as it figures in the thought of Yehuda Léon Askenazi (1922–1996), a North African kabbalist thinker and an important spiritual leader of Francophone Jewry in the twentieth century. Looking at two interrelated moments in Askenazi’s long career as a biblical exegete, I quarry Askenazi’s notion of fraternity for an account of alterity. Based on his discussions of the Cain and Abel story, as well as other biblical episodes, I argue that, for Askenazi, the challenge of fraternity, as figuring repeatedly in the Genesis narrative, is the preferred model to think of second-person relationships. Furthermore, I suggest, in contrast to Rosenzweig’s top-down account of revelation and human love, Askenazi’s approach represents a bottom-up model of love of one’s neighbor, which, when achieved, brings about divine revelation. View Full-Text
    DOI: 10.3390/rel13050381
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    The massacres of the Jews under Richard I (A.D. 1189–1190). (2021)
    In:  Religions 12,10 (2021) pp 11
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 12,10 (2021) pp 11
    Keywords: Richard ; Jews Persecutions 12th century ; History ; Jews History 12th century ; Jews Historiography
    Abstract: This article is a consideration of medieval religious violence during the time of Richard I set within the historiography of such writers as Nirenberg, Cohen, and Moore. This paper specifically examines a series of anti-Jewish massacres which broke out in England in the immediate aftermath of the coronation of the Crusader King Richard I. While modern violence against minorities is often attributed to the irrational actions of persons with extreme prejudice or ideologies, we find something a bit more nuanced in the situation in 12th century England. Certainly, there were long-standing prejudices against the Jews in England. However, this paper will argue that while general European antisemitism did create an undercurrent of tension across Europe and especially in this case England; similar to Nirenberg’s thoughts these passions were manipulated by those involved to the point that they became incendiary to suit specific local purposes and passions. View Full-Text
    DOI: 10.3390/rel12100821
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Ezekiel, Daniel, and Christian diet culture. (2022)
    In:  Religions 13,2 (2022) pp. 9
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 13,2 (2022) pp. 9
    Keywords: Bible Use 21st century ; History ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Christian ; Diet
    Abstract: The books of Ezekiel and Daniel, specifically Ezek 4.9 and Daniel 1, 3, and 6, are now being used to market healthy eating and diet plans to Christians, especially evangelical Christians, in ways that are the opposite of how the texts appear in their historical and literary contexts. Such usage is a potentially problematic example of prophetic reception history and its contemporary significance because the language in these plans is the same language found in secular diet plans with biblical prooftexts added to them. The addition may actually make the plans even more problematic by linking weight and fitness to religion and spirituality. View Full-Text
    DOI: 10.3390/rel13020182
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    Jewish-Christian identities in conflict : the cases of Fr. Daniel Rufeisen and Fr. Elias Friedman. (2021)
    In:  Religions 12,12 (2021) pp 15
    Details
    ISSN: 2077-1444
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Religions
    Angaben zur Quelle: 12,12 (2021) pp 15
    Keywords: Friedman, Elias ; Rufeisen, Oswald ; Stella Maris Monastery (Haifa) ; Christian converts from Judaism Biography ; Jews Identity ; Christianity and other religions Judaism ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity
    Abstract: The status of Jewish identity in cases of conversion to another religion is a contentious issue and was brought to the forefront of public attention with the 1962 court case of Oswald Rufeisen, a Jewish convert to Christianity known as Br. Daniel, which led to a shift in the way that the state of Israel defines Jewish identity for the purposes of citizenship. At the same time, however, another test case in conflicting interpretations of Jewish identity after conversion was playing out in Rufeisen’s own monastery, hidden to the public eye. Of the fifteen monks who lived together in the Stella Maris Monastery in Haifa, two were Jewish converts, both of whom converted during the Second World War and later immigrated to Israel. Both outspoken advocates for their own understanding of Jewish identity, Rufeisen and his fellow Carmelite Fr. Elias Friedman expressed interpretations of Jewish-Christian religious identity that are polarized and even antagonistically oppositional at times. This paper argues that the intimately related histories and opposing interpretations of Rufeisen and Friedman parallel the historical contestation between Judaism and Christianity. It investigates their overlapping and yet divergent views, which magnify questions of Jewish identity, Catholic interpretations of Judaism, Zionism, Holocaust narratives, and proselytism. View Full-Text
    DOI: 10.3390/rel12121101
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