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  • 1990-1994  (5)
  • 1985-1989  (6)
  • Jews  (11)
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Year
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    From underground to armed struggle : the resistance movement in the Bialystok ghetto. (1993)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 23 (1993) 145-171
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1993
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 23 (1993) 145-171
    Keywords: World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Discusses the consolidation of the resistance movement in the Białystok ghetto, from the entry of Nazi troops into the city on June 1941 until the last "Aktion" in August 1943. Describes the difficulties in creating a joint resistance organization due to the ideological and practical divergences between the communists and the Zionist Hashomer Hatzair and Dror. Mentions the contacts with the underground movements in the Vilna and Warsaw ghettos. Focuses on the personality of Mordechai Tenenbaum, the Dror leader, appointed as head of the United Combat Organization in Białystok, and his contacts with Efraim Barasz, the chairman of the Judenrat, who secretly supported the underground. At the end of July 1943, the representatives of all the factions agreed to establish a common front, but they went into action only during the last Nazi "Aktion".
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , Appeared also in "Holocaust; Critical Concepts in Historical Studies" IV (2004).
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    Letters from Zbąszyń [1939-1940]. (1988)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 19 (1988) 289-315
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1988
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19 (1988) 289-315
    Keywords: Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives
    Abstract: On 27 October 1938 German authorities began to round up Jews of Polish nationality living in Germany; ca. 17,000 were taken to the Polish border and concentrated near the towns of Bytom and Zbąszyń. On 31 October Polish authorities decided to prevent Jews from leaving the area, hoping to exert pressure on Germany to take them back. Relief measures were organized by local inhabitants, the Polish Red Cross, the Joint, and a Polish Jewish committee. When negotiations with Germany dragged on, the Jews were gradually released. In January 1939 an agreement was reached to allow deportees to return to Germany to settle their affairs. Pp. 296-311 contain an English translation of the correspondence of members of the Schiffmann family (now in the Yad Vashem archives) dated May 1939-December 1940, relating their troubles. Their fate is unknown. Includes facsimiles of postcards.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    The Romanian way of solving the "Jewish problem" in Bessarabia and Bukovina, June-July 1941. (1988)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 19 (1988) 187-232
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1988
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19 (1988) 187-232
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews ; Jews ; Jews Persecutions 20th century ; History
    Abstract: The first murder of Jews by Romanian troops took place in June 1940 when the latter withdrew from the provinces of Bukovina and Bessarabia (ceded to the USSR). Antonescu decided to eradicate the Jewish population of these provinces upon their re-annexation in July 1941 by Romanian and German armies. The Gendarmerie and the Pretoriat were chosen to carry out special orders for deportation and murder of Jews. The general population knew of an order permitting attacks on the Jews in the first 24 hours of the occupation; in rural areas peasant bands attacked their Jewish neighbors. There followed mass shootings of Jews in towns by Romanian and German units, incited by propaganda presenting the Jews as traitors. Rural areas were "cleansed" by the Gendarmerie, assisted by reserve soldiers, pre-military youth, and volunteers. The Romanian massacre of Jews was disorganized and brutal, accompanied by rapes and looting. Estimates that 150-160,000 Jews died in these territories during July-August 1941. A similar number were sent to camps and later to Transnistria.
    Note: In Hebrew: , "יד ושם; קובץ מחקרים" יט (תשמט) 143-180
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Excerpts from the Salonika diary of Lucillo Merci (February-August 1943). (1987)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 18 (1987) 293-323
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1987
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 18 (1987) 293-323
    Keywords: Merci, Lucillo, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews
    Abstract: Merci was an Italian liaison officer with the German army during the combined German-Italian offensive and worked in the Italian consulate at Salonica between September 1942-September 1943. Following an introduction by Menachem Shelach (pp. 293-299), presents excerpts from his diary (selected by Joseph Rochlitz) relating to the persecution of Salonika's Jews and the preparations for deportation after the arrival of SS representatives Dieter Wisliceny and Alois Brunner in February 1943, and the Italian policy of protecting the Jews, many of whom were Italian nationals.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Massacre of Jewish prisoners on the Samland Peninsula - documents. (1994)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 24 (1994) 349-387
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1994
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 24 (1994) 349-387
    Keywords: Nazi concentration camps ; Jews ; Jews
    Abstract: Early in 1945 the last remaining prisoners (most of them Jewish women from Łódź and from Hungary) in six Nazi concentration camps in East Prussia, subsidiaries of the Stutthof concentration camp, were brought to the Samland Peninsula on the Baltic shore and murdered near the town of Palmnicken (now Yantarnyi, Russia). The documents presented are two eyewitnesses' testimonies (one by a local resident, and one by a survivor) and five compiled by the units of the Soviet army which entered the area; one of the latter documents contains brief testimonies by local residents. The documents are preceded by an introduction (pp. 349-351).
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    The liquidation of the Jewish associations in Cracow during the Nazi occupation. (1986)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 17 (1986) 295-317
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1986
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (1986) 295-317
    Keywords: Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: Examines the dissolution of over 300 Jewish associations in Cracow and the confiscation of their property. Based on German documents, mainly correspondence between German authorities and representatives of the associations on the one hand, and various German offices interested in the property on the other. Surveys the subject briefly. An appendix (pp. 307-309) lists some of the institutions - synagogues, educational institutions, charity and aid societies, and social and cultural associations - and another (pp. 310-317) gives facsimiles of documents.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    Two forms of resistance in the Warsaw Ghetto : two functions of the Ringelblum archives. (1991)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 21 (1991) 189-219
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 1991
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 21 (1991) 189-219
    Keywords: Ringelblum, Emanuel, ; Ringelblum-Archiv ; Jews ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Libraries ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Archives ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance
    Note: See also in Hebrew. , In French: "L'Insurrection du ghetto de Varsovie" (1994). An abridged English version appeared in "Holocaust Chronicles" (1999).
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Attempts at rescue and revolt : attitude of members of the Dror youth movement in Bedzin to foreign passports as means of rescue. (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 211-236
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 211-236
    Keywords: Dror (youth movement) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Jews ; World War, 1939-1945 Jewish resistance
    Abstract: Discusses the activities of young Zionist leaders from Bedzin who faced the dilemma of choosing between preparations for struggle or escape through rescue efforts supported from abroad. The examination of Bedzin as a case study is facilitated by the large number of letters, diaries, and testimonies that have been preserved. Rescue possibilities were better than in other places due to the proximity to Slovakia, and contacts with Zionist groups from Czestochowa in the General Government. The options were emigration to Palestine, escape to Slovakia, or obtaining foreign passports through the aid of the Geneva rescue office. Analyzes the rescue efforts of the Dror and other Zionist youth movements during the period of deportations and Nazi "actions" in 1942-43, and their revolt in August 1943.
    Note: See also in Hebrew.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Memory and violence : local recollections of Jewish persecution during the "Reichskristallnacht". (1990)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 20 (1990) 99-114
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 20 (1990) 99-114
    Keywords: Kristallnacht, 1938 ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews History 1933-1939 ; Jews
    Abstract: Stresses the importance of investigating individual testimonies on the "Kristallnacht" pogrom as a way to uncover the image of the events in the minds of the witnesses. Takes as example the recollections of the pogrom in the village of Baisingen (Württemberg) - a case study in the framework of an anthropological project carried out at Tübingen University, aimed to promote acceptance of the Nazi period as part of one's local history. Notes the dominant tendency of the witnesses to an attitude of non-involvement or indifference in relating the events, and the psychological mechanism of forgetting as a way to avoid remorse and responsibility. Extends the definition of Nazi violence to include bureaucratic institutional behavior, such as ratification of the 1938 anti-Jewish actions by government offices and local authorities.
    Note: On the village of Beisingen. , See also in Hebrew.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    The German Jews in the Minsk ghetto. (1986)
    In:  Yad Vashem Studies 17 (1986) 219-246
    Details
    ISSN: 0084-3296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1986
    Titel der Quelle: Yad Vashem Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (1986) 219-246
    Keywords: Jews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: An account of the 35,442 Jews who were deported from the Reich and the Protectorate to Minsk (Belarus) between November 1941-October 1942. Those in the first transports were "housed" in the Minsk ghetto, in the homes of local Jewish residents who were killed in the first ghetto "Aktion" on 7 November. Most of the subsequent transports were sent directly to nearby Maly Trostinets, where they were killed immediately in gas vans. Approximately half of the deportees came from Vienna and Theresienstadt. Describes life in the Reich Jews' ghetto (as distinct from the Russian Jews' ghetto - there was little contact between the two). Only ten of the Reich Jews survived the Holocaust. Quotes from three survivors' testimonies, which include details of persecution and atrocities.
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