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  • 2020-2024  (114)
  • Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc.  (114)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    China is in the Bible. (2024)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 74,1 (2024) 60-77
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 74,1 (2024) 60-77
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible Geography ; Hebrew language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; China In the Bible
    Abstract: Isaiah 49:12 mentions “the land of Sinim.” Gesenius and most nineteenth-century scholars identified this place with China, but virtually all scholars today identify it instead with Aswan (Syene) in southern Egypt. It is argued here, based on the literary context, the wording “the land of [plural gentilic],” and the phonetics of Sinim, that the term means China.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10124
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    The beatitude אַשְׁרֵי and the confession of sins in Psalms 32-41. (2024)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 74,1 (2024) 115-136
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 74,1 (2024) 115-136
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Confession Biblical teaching ; Hebrew language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; Hebrew poetry, Biblical History and criticism
    Abstract: Different from the general opinion that Pss 25–34 and 35–41 represent individual cycles of poems, this article argues that the concluding cycle of Book I of the Psalter starts with Ps 32. The cycle Pss 32–41 is determined by the beatitude אַשְׁרֵי, which opens Pss 32 and 41. The cycle as a whole consists of eleven poems and represents a poetic tryptich: with its 42 poetic lines the alphabetic acrostic Ps 37 takes a central position and is framed by panels of five poems on both sides.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10122
    URL: אתר את הפרסום בקטלוג המאוחד של ספריות ישראל
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    The descent to the netherworld as a result of hubris in the biblical prophetic literature. (2024)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 74,1 (2024) 101-114
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 74,1 (2024) 101-114
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Hell Biblical teaching ; Gentiles Biblical teaching ; Hybris (The Greek word)
    Abstract: Explicit descriptions of a descent to the netherworld, well-known from ancient mythologies, are rather rare in the Hebrew Bible. Several times, however, the descent motif occurs in the prophetic oracles against the nations. The present article examines three such passages: Isa 14:12–15; Ezek 28:1–10, and Ezek 31, where the descending protagonist is accused of hubris. The article compares these passages, elaborates several commonalities, and elucidates the use, effect, and function of the mythical descent motif in relation to the idea of hubris. Mentioning a descent to the netherworld in these contexts serves to highlight the contrast between aspiration and outcome, to dramatize the depiction of the protagonist’s fall, and to underline the definitive deprivation of power of political rulers striving for divinity. Thus, in the prophetic literature of the Hebrew Bible, the descent motif has a particular usage within the theological criticism of foreign political powers.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10127
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    The significance of the omission of leaven and honey from grain offerings. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73 (2023) 48-61
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73 (2023) 48-61
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Votive offerings Biblical teaching ; Yeast ; Honey Biblical teaching ; Jewish law Biblical teaching
    Abstract: According to Lev 2:11, leaven and honey were not to be burned as a part of a grain offering, although they could be offered to YHWH as an offering of firstfruits, as mentioned in Lev 2:12. This article proposes that the purpose of the omission of leaven and honey from grain offerings was to foster the production of a pleasing odor, because these substances lengthen the burning process (in the case of leaven) and create a burning smell (in the case of honey). This article also suggests that their omission acts as a reminder of God’s mighty hand of salvation in the Exodus story. The lack of yeast and honey corresponds to the unleavened bread and bitter herbs in the Passover meal, providing a clear link to this meal and thus aiding our understanding of their omission in grain offerings.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10087
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Justice, righteousness, and the Davidic dispute in Jeremiah and Ezekiel. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73 (2023) 62-81
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73 (2023) 62-81
    Keywords: David, ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Kings and rulers Biblical teaching ; Justice Biblical teaching
    Abstract: The books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel both use the phrase עשׂה מִשְׁפָט וּצְדָקָה (“doing justice and righteousness”) to discuss the responsibilities of the Davidic king and the future of Judah in light of the disruptive events of the early sixth century BCE. The tradition of linking the terms מִשְׁפָט and צְדָקָה with kingship is widespread in the Hebrew Bible and has strong ancient Near Eastern parallels. Yet the books of Jeremiah and Ezekiel employ the two words as part of an idiomatic phrase, reflecting their divergent interpretations of the role and identity of the future Davidic king and, relatedly, what עשׂה מִשְׁפָט וּצְדָקָה entails. While the two books’ disagreements can be explained to some extent by their different settings (Judah and Egypt versus Babylonia), their distinct preferences for one Davidic line over another are suggestive of opposing political allegiances that may have contributed to neither book acknowledging the other’s existence.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10091
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    "And the name of the city from that day on: 'YHWH' is there" (Ezek. 48:35) : a new interpretation. (2020)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 70,2 (2020) 237-244
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70,2 (2020) 237-244
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Cuneiform inscriptions, Akkadian ; God Biblical teaching ; Cities and towns in the Bible
    Abstract: The names of Mesopotamian cities and the cuneiform signs used to write them can shed light on the phrase “YHWH is There” (Ezek. 48:35) in its biblical context.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    A prayer for purification : Psalm 51:12-14, a pure heart and the verb ברא. (2020)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 70,2 (2020) 340-360
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70,2 (2020) 340-360
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Br' (The Hebrew root) ; Purity (Philosophy) Biblical teaching ; Metaphor in the Bible ; Heart Biblical teaching
    Abstract: This article focuses on the pivotal role of verses 12-14 in Psalm 51. In v. 13 the speaker expresses the fear that due to his transgressions God’s spirit of holiness will be taken away, because God does not tolerate impurity of any kind. For the impurity generated by the transgressions will be projected onto the sanctuary, which in this way will be defiled. Therefore, aligned with רוח קדשך in v. 13 is טהור לב in v. 12: purity is the sine qua non for God’s holy spirit to stay and keep active in the midst of the Israelites. In this view, the impure world of words and deeds is the total from which the pure ones are to be separated. It is not the purity of the heart itself, but the process of purification that is expressed here, so that the pure heart remains, cleared of sins.
    URL: אתר את הפרסום בקטלוג המאוחד של ספריות ישראל
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    Ritual or military action? : Interpreting Israel’s muster at Mizpah in 1 Sam 7:2-17. (2020)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 70,4-5 (2020) 620-633
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70,4-5 (2020) 620-633
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Recruiting and enlistment Biblical teaching ; Archaeological site location ; Gibeah (Extinct city) ; Mizpah (Extinct city) (West Bank) ; Eretz Israel Antiquities, Biblical
    Abstract: This article evaluates the historicity of 1 Sam 7:2-17 in light of renewed analysis of the archaeological remains from Tell en-Nasbeh, other Iron Age I sites in the region of Benjamin, broader literary considerations in 1 Sam 1-10, and the geography of the Central Hill Country. In so doing, a case is made that there is far more going on in vv. 6-7 than what appears to be a miscommunication between the Israelites, who have gathered at the site of Mizpah, and the Philistines, who send troops against the Israelites. A historical reconstruction that considers the narrative form of 1 Sam 7:2-17 and the archaeological remains is offered, as is a new proposal for the identification of the site of Gibeath-elohim.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-12341411
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Deuteronomy 28:58, CTH 53, and the rhetoric of self-reference. (2020)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 70,4-5 (2020) 645-666
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70,4-5 (2020) 645-666
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Language, style ; Hittite literature Relation to the Bible
    Abstract: This article revisits the long perceived referential difficulty in the phrase “this sēper” in Deut 28:58. It introduces phraseology drawn from the 14th century BCE Hittite treaty of Šuppiluliuma I with Tette of Nuḫašši (CTH 53) parallel to the expression “all the words of this sēper written in this tôrâ” (Deut 28:58). In light of this comparative evidence it argues that it is probable that “this sēper” had a self-referential function: the expression “this sēper” in Deut 28:58 indicates for audiences the material text-object on which the verse was written, and does not merely point to a text-object that exists within the world of the narrative. Finally, it considers the analogy of treaty performance to understand how the spatial relationship created between audiences and physical text-objects through deictic self-reference functions within the literary context of the Deuteronomic source.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-12341414
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    The tree-hugger who went on a date : the meaning of "sansan". (2020)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 70,4-5 (2020) 581-591
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70,4-5 (2020) 581-591
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Hebrew language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; Hapax legomenon ; Date palm
    Abstract: The biblical hapax legomenon סַנְסִנָּיו (Song 7:9) seems to denote a part of the date palm, but readers have disagreed widely on which part. Most scholars today follow Immanuel Löw, who concluded from Syriac and Akkadian cognates that the word denotes the spadices, which are the branched stalks that hold the clusters of flowers and fruit. Eran Viezel has recently argued on morphological grounds that it denotes a “fruit-laden cluster of dates”. It is proposed here that the word denotes the projecting leaf bases that line the trunk of the date palm and that it is cognate with the Arabic word sinsin, “edge of a spinal vertebra”, to which these leaf bases bear a close visual resemblance.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-12341409
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