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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  National Resilience, Politics and Society 4,1-2 (2022) 11-49
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: National Resilience, Politics and Society
    Angaben zur Quelle: 4,1-2 (2022) 11-49
    Keywords: Quakers Attitudes ; Quakers Attitudes ; Antisemitism History 20th century ; Antisemitism History 20th century
    Abstract: In the 1930s, the Quakers in the United States and Britain were energetic and vocal proponents of appeasing the Hitler regime, consistently misreading its intentions and goals. They always accepted appeasement’s fundamental premises, contending that wars were caused by misunderstandings among nations that could be avoided by improving communication. They also insisted that many of Germany’s grievances were understandable, even justified, in light of the “Carthaginian” peace the Allies had imposed at Versailles, as well as alleged Allied wartime “atrocities,” notably Britain’s naval blockade of German ports. The Quakers failed to grasp the extent or uniqueness of the Nazi persecution of the Jews. Quaker distaste for Jews’ fierce hostility to Nazism was infused with Christian theological antisemitism. Quaker leaders often equated Jews’ “chosen people” concept with the Nazi theory of an Aryan master race. They maintained that Jews’ vindictiveness rendered them incapable of understanding Quaker efforts to promote reconciliation with the Nazis.In 1934, veteran Manchester Guardian correspondent Robert Dell, one of the most astute analysts of the Nazi movement, mocked “the tenderness of so many Quakers for the Nazi regime.” According to Dell, they assumed “there is some good in everybody” and concluded “we must find out what is good in the Nazis rather than what is bad.”Throughout the 1930s, Quakers remained wedded to moral suasion in their interactions with the Nazis, seeking to forge friendly ties with the Third Reich by sponsoring meetings between German and British war veterans and encouraging youth from the West to participate in Germany’s Nazi-controlled youth hostel movement. The Quakers strongly opposed the boycott of Nazi Germany’s goods and services, which Jews in both the United States and Britain heavily promoted – arguably the most potent weapon available to Jews and their allies to raise public awareness of the Nazi threat and inflict damage on the German economy. Quaker leaders denounced the boycott to Jewish audiences as not only wrong-headed but immoral. They also opposed the Jewish-sponsored mass anti-Nazi rallies and demonstrations on the grounds that, like the boycott, they undermined efforts to promote reconciliation.Taking an “even-handed approach,” the Quakers minimized the assaults on and relentless degradation of Jews in German concentration camps, drawing false parallels to the treatment of Nazi insurrectionists incarcerated in Austria and Memel. Like other Western appeasers, they found Hitler’s 1935 annexation of the Saar acceptable, even though it quickly led to the obliteration of the region’s centuries-old Jewish community.Even after the Kristallnacht in November 1938, the Quakers continued their efforts at moral suasion in meetings with leading Nazi officials in Germany. After the German conquest of Poland, the Quakers agreed to conduct relief work there under the supervision of the Nazi welfare organization NSV, which provided assistance only to “Aryans.” Not long afterward, the NSV was engaged in stripping clothing and possessions from Jews murdered by German forces at Babi Yar for shipment to Germany.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 40,2 (2020) 137-168
    Keywords: Nation of Islam ; Black Muslims History 20th century ; Anti-Jewish propaganda History 20th century ; African Americans Relations with Jews ; Antisemitism History 20th century
    Abstract: This article explores how the American white far right—including the Christian Front, Christian Mobilizers, and Gerald L. K. Smith—helped shape the Nation of Islam’s (NOI) antisemitism during the 1930s and 1940s. It also examines the strong influence of Harlem’s pro-Axis Black Fuehrers on the NOI during World War II. Nation of Islam and white far-right propaganda were remarkably similar. Both embraced the Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion, denied or minimized the Holocaust, and were virulently anti-Zionist. After elaborating on the context within which the Nation of Islam created its ideology, the article explores how the NOI, which originally identified whites, Christians and Jews as devils, adopted an almost singular emphasis on Jews as agents of Satan, the Star of David replacing the cross as the symbol of iniquity. Jews were not victims, but Blacks’ major victimizers; never slaves, but dominant enslavers; not progressives, but those who impeded Blacks’ advance. Instead of giving the world Hebrew Scripture, they converted it into the “Poison Book,” from the beginning crafting a “dirty religion,” which blessed the subjugation of black people, and denied God’s promise to the “Real Children of Israel.” These “imposter Jews” concealed that the Hebrew Bible was a prophecy about “the so-called Negroes of America”—the true “Chosen of God”—who would be in bondage for 400 years, strangers in a strange land.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Anti-Judaism, Antisemitism, and Delegitimizing Israel (2016) 119-134
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Anti-Judaism, Antisemitism, and Delegitimizing Israel
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 119-134
    Keywords: Anti-Zionism History 21st century ; Left-wing extremists History 21st century ; Right-wing extremists History 21st century ; Propaganda, Anti-Israeli ; Israel Foreign public opinion, American
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 42,1 (2022) 54-74
    Keywords: Antisemitism History 20th century ; Jews Persecutions 20th century ; History ; Arab-Israeli conflict Foreign public opinion, Soviet ; Communists Attitudes ; Muslims Attitudes ; Misogyny
    Abstract: Contemporary far leftists deny, trivialize, or even endorse, Islamic antisemitism. The response of Communists and fellow travelers to Islamic antisemitism in the four decades after the Bolshevik revolution was more complex. Communists were initially inclined to accept Karl Marx’s view of Islam as reactionary and an obstacle to progress. During the 1920s and 1930s, the Soviets made concerted efforts to overturn Islamic beliefs and eradicate Muslim practices in their Central Asian republics. But the Communists’ rigid adherence to narrow class analysis led them to vastly underestimate the influence of Islamic teaching about Jews in Central Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa, and often to downplay the worst outbreaks of antisemitic violence. The two lines of the Communist approach to Islamic societies were the Muslim subjugation of Jews and women, each of which they viewed as an obstacle to progress. But while their insistence on overturning the Muslim confinement of women remained unrelenting until late in the period under consideration, their challenge to Islamic subjugation of Jews was inconsistent. This article analyzes Communist responses to Muslim pogroms against Jews in Mandatory Palestine, Algeria, Tripolitania, and elsewhere. It also assesses the commentaries on Islamic antisemitism by Communists and fellow travelers from the West who spent considerable time in Soviet Central Asia in the 1930s. The final section considers the twenty-first century far left alliance with Islamists, which embodies the worst features of the earlier Communist outlook.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Modern Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 43,1 (2023) 21-51
    Keywords: Jews Political activity ; Israel and the diaspora ; Anti-Nazi movement History ; Protest movements History 20th century ; British Relations with Jews ; Zionists Attitudes ; Eretz Israel Politics and government 1917-1948, British Mandate period
    Abstract: American Jews’ mass protests against Nazi antisemitism, begun soon after Hitler assumed power, provided a major impetus to, and model for, the post–World War II drive to establish a Jewish state. This postwar agitation had a considerable impact because, after the Holocaust, the Jewish population in the United States far exceeded that of any other country. The mass demonstrations of 1945–1948 were as large as those of the 1930s, even reaching 250,000, and in both periods, it was working- and lower–middle-class Jews who provided the intense commitment and huge numbers that proved critically important. Many speakers who had addressed the anti-Nazi rallies were featured at the postwar demonstrations for a Jewish state. Now promoting Zionist goals, American Jews turned to work stoppages, neighborhood rallies, and boycotts—resuming tactics deployed in the anti-Nazi campaign. Similarly, American Jews’ grassroots 1930s campaign to transport Jewish children from Nazi Germany to Palestine resurfaced after the Holocaust as a drive to generate mass support for the Haganah’s efforts to run Jewish displaced persons through the British blockade of Palestine. To great effect, American Zionists also frequently drew parallels between the Nazis’ actions and the British treatment of Jews in displaced persons camps, on refugee ships, and in the Yishuv.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
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    In:  Alma mater antisemitica (2016), Seite 307-324 | year:2016 | pages:307-324
    ISBN: 3700319223
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Alma mater antisemitica
    Publ. der Quelle: Wien : new academic press, 2016
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016), Seite 307-324
    Angaben zur Quelle: year:2016
    Angaben zur Quelle: pages:307-324
    Keywords: Geschichte 1930-1938 ; Universität ; Antisemitismus ; Bildungspolitiker ; Hochschullehrer ; Politische Einstellung ; Kontakt ; USA ; Deutschland
    Note: Literaturangaben
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  • 7
    ISBN: 9780253053626 , 9780253053619
    Language: English
    Pages: 347 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Year of publication: 2021
    Series Statement: Studies in antisemitism
    Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als
    Keywords: Geschichte 1930-1936 ; Nationalsozialismus ; Antisemitismus ; Protestbewegung ; USA ; Großbritannien ; Jews / Persecutions / Germany / History / 20th century ; Jews / Persecutions / Press coverage / United States ; Jews / Persecutions / Press coverage / Great Britain ; Nazis / Press coverage / United States ; Nazis / Press coverage / Great Britain ; Jews / United States / Attitudes ; Jews / Great Britain / Attitudes ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) / Causes ; Germany / Foreign public opinion, American ; Germany / Foreign public opinion, British ; Jews / Attitudes ; Jews / Persecutions ; Public opinion, American ; Public opinion, British ; War / Causes ; Germany ; Great Britain ; United States ; 1900-1999 ; History ; USA ; Großbritannien ; Protestbewegung ; Nationalsozialismus ; Antisemitismus ; Geschichte 1930-1936
    Abstract: "American and British appeasement of Nazism during the early years of the Third Reich went far beyond territorial concessions. In Prologue to Annihilation: Ordinary American and British Jews Challenge the Third Reich, Stephen H. Norwood examines the numerous of ways that the two nations' official position of tacit acceptance of Jewish persecution enabled the policies that ultimately led to the Final Solution and how Nazi annihilationist intentions were clearly discernible even during the earliest years of Hitler's rule. Further, Norwood looks at the nature and impact of American and British Jewish resistance to Nazi persecution and the efforts of Jews at the grassroots level to press Jewish organizations to respond more forcefully to the Nazi menace. He examines the worldwide protest and boycott movements against Germany and German goods as well as mass demonstrations by working-class and lower-middle-class Jews in many American and British cities. Prologue to Annihilation details how the events of 1930-1936 tested American and British societies' willingness to accept Nazism and its anti-Jewish philosophy and illuminates the divisions that existed even within the Jewish community about how best to challenge Nazi antisemitic policies and atrocities."
    Description / Table of Contents: Introduction: Foundations of the final solution -- Portents : September 1930 to January 1933 -- Barbarism and entrapment : The Cold Pogrom, 1933-1934 -- A tidal wave of protest : March to May 1933 -- The escalation of Judaea's war against Nazism : May to December 1933 -- Exposing and boycotting the Third Reich : 1934 -- Disaster for the Jews : The Saar Plebiscite, January 1935 -- Entertaining Nazi warriors in America and Britain : 1934-1936 -- Degradation, appeasement, and looming catastrophe : 1935 -- Epilogue: Defeats, 1936-1939
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 8
    Book
    Book
    Santa Barbara, Calif. [u.a.] : ABC-CLIO
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    ISBN: 9781851096381
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 20
    Series Statement: American ethnic experience
    DDC: 973.0492403
    RVK:
    Keywords: Jews United States ; History ; Encyclopedias ; USA ; Juden ; Geschichte
    Note: Includes bibliographical references and index
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  • 9
    Book
    Book
    Jerusalem : Vidal Sassoon Internat. Center for the Study of Antisemitism
    Language: English
    Pages: 30 S.
    Year of publication: 2011
    Series Statement: Analysis of current trends in antisemitism 34
    Series Statement: Analysis of current trends in antisemitism
    Keywords: Antisemitismus ; Universität ; USA ; USA ; Antisemitismus ; Universität
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  • 10
    Book
    Book
    New York, NY :Cambridge Univ. Press,
    ISBN: 978-1-107-03601-7
    Language: German
    Pages: X, 318 S. : Ill.
    Edition: 1. publ.
    Year of publication: 2013
    DDC: 305.892/4073
    RVK:
    RVK:
    RVK:
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
    URL: 93
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