Language:
German
Year of publication:
2005
Titel der Quelle:
Deutsche - Juden - Polen zwischen Aufklärung und Drittem Reich
Angaben zur Quelle:
(2005) 175-194
Keywords:
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Jews
Abstract:
Discusses the coexistence of Jews and non-Jews in some villages in Oberfranken between 1933-42, as remembered by non-Jewish inhabitants. In Reckendorf, where, in 1933, there were 20 Jews out of a population of 938, there was no local Nazi party branch, but some Nazis came from outside the village, threatened the Jews, and crushed any active local resistance. Some non-Jews did, however, secretly help the Jews. In Mühlhausen, where the Jews numbered 43 and the non-Jews 977 in 1933, coexistence ceased already in 1933. Non-Jews who tried to keep up contact with the Jews were persecuted by local Nazis and excluded from the village community. From 1936 on, the Jews feared violence; attacks were common from 1938 on. In Hirschaid and Buttenheim, two nearby towns (Hirschaid had a Jewish population of 64 in 1933, and 8,500 non-Jews), coexistence also collapsed in 1933. Jewish businesses were boycotted and local Nazis terrorized residents who were friendly toward the Jews. The Jewish synagogue, school, and shops, as well as homes, were vandalized during the "Kristallnacht" pogrom.
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