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  • 1
    Language: French
    Year of publication: 2010
    Titel der Quelle: Vingtième Siècle; revue d'histoire
    Angaben zur Quelle: 108 (2010) 3-23
    Keywords: Antisemitism History 1800-2000 ; Jews
    Abstract: Examines the anti-Jewish riots in Constantine in summer 1934 in the colonial context of the period and in light of the categorization imposed on the population by the French administration. The violent episodes, which claimed 25 Jewish and three Muslim lives and in which Algerian Muslims (excluded colonized Algerian subjects) took an active role for the first time, was a result of post-World War I colonial reforms. The reforms gave the Muslims a limited form of citizenship and changed the local dynamics; local tendencies to view political and social interests in ethno-religious terms was exacerbated and the risk of conflicts between groups defined in these terms increased. Official French reports attributed the riots to atavistic hatred between Muslims and Jews, an interpretation which obscured the complexity of colonial local politics, freed the French from blame, and justified the concentration of power in their hands. The French interpretation also concealed the fact that antisemitism formed an integral part of policy procedures in Algeria and it minimized the part of some antisemitic colonists in fomenting the violence once it had started. The events were triggered by an everyday incident - a drunken Jew got into a fight with some Muslim neighbors on his way home from a café. Eventually ca. 2,000 Muslims participated in the riots.
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  • 2
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Ithaca, NY : Cornell University Press
    ISBN: 9781501739439
    Language: English
    Pages: 1 Online-Ressource , 10 b&w halftones, 3 maps
    Edition: [Online-Ausgabe]
    Year of publication: 2019
    Keywords: Riots History 20th century ; Ethnic conflict History 20th century ; Jews History ; HISTORY / Europe / France
    Abstract: Frontmatter -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Note on Transliteration -- Map 1. Northern Algeria during the colonial period -- Map 2. The city of Constantine in 1934 -- Introduction -- Part 1: Algerian Histories of Empire -- 1. Constantine in North African History -- 2. “Native,” “Jewish,” and “European” -- 3. The Crucible of Local Politics -- Part 2: Colonial Society in Motion -- 4. The Postwar Moment -- 5. French Algeria’s Dual Fracture -- 6. Provocation, Difference, and Public Space -- 7. Rehearsals for Crisis -- Part 3: A Riot in France -- 8. Friday and Saturday, August 3–4, 1934 -- 9. Sunday, August 5, 1934 -- 10. Shock and Containment -- Part 4: Making the Riot Algerian -- 11. Empire of Fright -- 12. The Police Investigation -- 13. The Agitator -- 14. The Trials -- Conclusion -- Appendix -- Notes -- Index
    Abstract: Part murder mystery, part social history of political violence, Lethal Provocation is a forensic examination of the deadliest peacetime episode of anti-Jewish violence in modern French history. Joshua Cole reconstructs the 1934 riots in Constantine, Algeria, in which tensions between Muslims and Jews were aggravated by right-wing extremists, resulting in the deaths of twenty-eight people. Animating the unrest was Mohamed El Maadi, a soldier in the French army. Later a member of a notorious French nationalist group that threatened insurrection in the late 1930s, El Maadi became an enthusiastic supporter of France's Vichy regime in World War II, and finished his career in the German SS. Cole cracks the "cold case" of El Maadi's participation in the events, revealing both his presence at the scene and his motives in provoking violence at a moment when the French government was debating the rights of Muslims in Algeria. Local police and authorities came to know about the role of provocation in the unrest and killings and purposely hid the truth during the investigation that followed. Cole's sensitive history brings into high relief the cruelty of social relations in the decades before the war for Algerian independence
    Note: restricted access online access with authorization star , Mode of access: Internet via World Wide Web. , In English
    URL: Cover
    URL: Cover
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