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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Aleph; Historical Studies in Science & Judaism 22,1-2 (2022) 157-182
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Aleph; Historical Studies in Science & Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 22,1-2 (2022) 157-182
    Keywords: Manuscripts, Hebrew ; Manuscripts, Arabic ; Drugs Dosage ; Pharmacy History ; Medicine, Arab ; Jews Medicine
    Abstract: Premodern medical, and especially pharmaceutical, texts abound with names of weights and measures indicating the dosage of drugs and the correct quantities of ingredients of recipes. The fact that these units differed from country to country led to the compilation of metrological lists already in antiquity. Via translations from the Greek, these initiated the emergence of an Arabic literary genre of such lists that were often attached to the great medical handbooks. The miscellany Munich Cod. hebr. 275 contains two pages listing 93 Arabic and Arabicized names of medicinal weights and measures in Hebrew characters, edited and analyzed for the first time in the present paper. Because of characteristic differences from the preserved lists, an exact Arabic archetype could not be ascertained. A few Romance equivalents also show that our text, simply entitled al-Awzān wa-l-akyāl ("weights and measures"), does not represent a mere transcription of an Arabic list.
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  • 2
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2019
    Titel der Quelle: Aleph; Historical Studies in Science & Judaism
    Angaben zur Quelle: 19,2 (2019) 169-199
    Keywords: Botany Early works to 1800 Terminology ; Medicine, Medieval Terminology Terminology ; Judeo-Italian language Glossaries, vocabularies, etc. ; Jews History Middle Ages, 500-1500
    Abstract: This article studies fol. 117b of Ms. Oxford, Bodleian Opp. 688, cat. Neubauer 2123, which combines a small bilingual medico-botanical glossary (Latin/Italo-Romance in Hebrew characters) with a drawing representing a hunting scene. Although there is possibly no relationship between the drawing and the glossary, both elements provide interesting insights into Jewish life and culture in fifteenth-century Italy. We analyze the drawing, identifying it as an allegory of the persecution of the Jews, as well as the glossary. The latter is studied both in its relationship to Rogerio Frugardi's Chirurgia (a Hebrew translation of which is featured in the same codex) and in terms of the medico-botanical vocabulary itself. The nature of the Italo-Romance words eventually suggests that the writer came from an area in or near Latium or Abruzzo.
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