Language:
English
Year of publication:
2011
Titel der Quelle:
World Politics
Angaben zur Quelle:
63,1 (2011) 1-42
Keywords:
Antisemitism History 1800-2000
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Jews
;
Jews
Abstract:
Argues that the principal impact on the wartime behavior of Romanians toward Jews was exerted by the prewar policies of the respective governments toward ethnic minorities, rather than by the ethnic composition of the majority populations and their traditional attitudes toward Jews, resentment against the Soviet regime, opportunism, and other factors. Compares the wartime behaviors, both of conflict and of cooperation, vis-à-vis the Jews in the two similar territories, Bessarabia and Transnistria, both occupied by the Romanian Army. Both had been parts of antisemitic Tsarist Russia in 1812-1918, but in 1919-40 Bessarabia was part of Romania, with its intense official nationalism and antisemitism, while Transnistria was part of the USSR, which was strongly committed to integrating the Jews and severely punished antisemitism. Examines postwar survivors' accounts, police reports, etc., as well as the results of a mail survey conducted by Dumitru among survivors. The examined materials clearly show that the attitude and behavior of the Transnistrian, mainly Ukrainian population toward the Jews was much more friendly than those of the Bessarabian, mainly Romanian (Moldovan) population. The behavior of the latter is characterized by a high level of anti-Jewish violence. Without suggesting that antisemitism was defeated in Soviet-ruled Ukraine, including Transnistria, argues that governmental policies had a strong effect on wartime non-Jewish attitudes toward the Jews.
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