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  • Polnisch  (14)
  • 2020-2024  (14)
  • 1950-1954
  • Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)  (14)
  • 1
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 83-117
    Schlagwort(e): Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), and art ; Jewish artists ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: In the years 1940-1944, several dozen artists were active in the Łódź ghetto. Those were renowned artists-graduates of schools and academies and talented amateurs, who did not gain recognition as artists before 1939. Some came from the tódź area, some came from abroad -on transports from Prague, Berlin, Hamburg. Cologne or Vienna. In a closed housing district, artistic activity, subjected to administrative supervision was harnessed for propaganda pur poses. In offices, institutions, departments and workshops, they made posters, commemora tive albums, stamps, badges, emblems, and posters. On special commission, they painted portraits of jewish dignitaries and German ghetto administration officials. Although the rationing of tools and materials: paints, cardboard, metals, ink was strictly connected with orders, the artists tried to create works that depicted the surrounding reality outside the official circula of the most renowned artists. This analysis makes use of different sources, from surviving ar tion and without censorship. The issue of artistic a the basis of examples of chive documents to personal recollections, letters, testimonies, and existing works. Research f the functioning y in the Lódź ghetto was discussed on results that, on the one hand, took into consideration individual information, and on the other - individual feelings of the victims and witnesses, are a starting point for further reconstruc tion of artistic activity in the tódź ghetto
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 523-553
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 523-553
    Schlagwort(e): Rumkowski, Mordecai Hayim ; Postcards ; Postal service ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: Rollowing the announcement of the decision to establish the ghetto in Łódź, in February 1940 de German post office stopped delivering mail to Jewish addresses. The Eldest of the Jews, Mordechaj Chaim Rumkowski, established the Department of Mail within the framework of the administration in order to ensure uninterrupted delivery of correspondence to Jewish addresses. This article discusses the Department's operation in as many dimensions as pos ble and systematizes our knowledge on its topic. It characterizes the rules which regulated the post office's operation, the types of mail and addressees. It also discusses the censorship, that is the rules and criteria which the censors used when withholding ghetto residents co respondence. The reflections on the topic of the censoring practice are based on an analysis on correspondence as a source for Holocaust research. It only signals the topic of treating correspondence in the form of postcards as a source for Holocaust research, as a testimony to the living conditions in the ghetto, to how people communicated with one another, and to how and what about ghetto residents informed others, and predominantly a the victims. An important part of the article is a description of unsent postcards stored at the State Archive in tódź in the fonds called "Przełożony Starszeństwa Zydów w Getcie Łódzkim (Eldest of the Jews in the tódź Ghetto). The collection consists of over 22,000 postcards, vas majority of which are postcards written by people detained in the Łódź ghetto which were not mailed by the post office. They were withheld on the basis of a decision made by the ghetto censorship or due to a temporary suspension of Postsperre (mail stoppage) during the period when Jews were being deported to death centers.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 554-577
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 554-577
    Schlagwort(e): World War, 1939-1945 Deportations from Germany ; World War, 1939-1945 Deportations from Czechoslovakia ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: In the autumn of 1941, 20,000 Jews were deported into the Łódź ghetto from the Reich and the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. Most of them were elderly people, with many infirm ones. Their arrival exacerbated the already harsh conditions in the ghetto, but change was quite drastic- they were crowded in so-called "collectives", doomed to vegetats without basic facilities and increasing starvation. Ghetto administration established a special office to deal with these thousands of people: Department for the "Insettled". It dealt with all the existential and organizational matters of the deportees. The article discusses the Depart ment's functions and activities and outlines the situations of the "insettled" in the ghetto on the basis of archival materials and personal documents.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 613-628
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 613-628
    Schlagwort(e): Jewish ghettos ; Space perception ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: This article is a comparative analysis of two descriptions of walking in ghettoes-the Warsaw and the Łódź one. Moving within the methodological framework of the spatial turn in the contemporary humanities and basing on texts produced then and there, the author analyzes the records of the experience of the Holocaust space in the two largest Jewish ghettoes in occupied Europe. Focusing on records of sensory experiences, he analyzes Stanisław Różyc Ghetto and his study. The Street The Appearance and Social Life of the Street in the Ghetto (published in volume 1 of the English edition of the Ringelblum Archive), and also Dr. Bernard Heilig's reportage from the tódź ghetto entitled "The First Seven Months in the Litzmannstadt Ghetto" (published in The Chronicle of the tódź Ghetto and in an anthology of texts from the Łódź ghetto entitled Oblicza getto [faces of the ghetto]). Based on these records of walking in the ghetto space, the author attempts to answer the question as to how exactly it was per ceived and experienced by Jews locked inside them. This article is a contribution to broader reflections on the topic of the sensory experience of the Holocaust space.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 665-684
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 665-684
    Schlagwort(e): Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Juvenile literature ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature ; Polish literature History and criticism ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: In the context of Abram de Swaan's research on mass murder, summed up in his monograph The Killing Compartments. The Mentality of Mass Murder (2015), this article discusses the sub Ject matter of the 'blue' police in light of Jan Grabowski's book Na posterunku. Udział polskiej policji granatowej i kryminalnej w zagładzie Zydów [On duty. Participation of the Polish 'Blue" and Criminal Police in the Holocaust] (2020).
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 721-742
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 721-742
    Schlagwort(e): Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Commemoration ; Collective memory ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: Looking on the past of every city, we can identify various events that remain in the memory of the history of the Jewish community underwent transformation for the long decades of the undoubtedly the functioning of the Jewish ghetto. But it has not always been so: the memory 20th century, only to become part of the canon of events that are important for the city. As late we can read from the contents present in everyday press, in the calendar of anniversary cel nationalities returns. as 15-20 years ago, images of tódź focused on the multicultural history of the city were ate so common, and were rather an element of collective oblivion. But since then, something that ebrations or the topographical tissue of commemoration, the memory of neighbors of otherstudies of the collective memory of Łódź residents were carried out, and focused precisely paper, on these carriers. Beginning with the reflection related to the memory canon and the role of memory images of the multicultural Łódź in the context of other themes of collective memory (diagnosed by means of questionnaire interviews), reflections on the Jewish tódź were also deepened by observation of specific commemorative actions and the material manifestationsof this memory - statutes and plaques that have been gradually appearing in the city in the early decades of the 21st century. And although research results show that "blank spots" have been temporarily filled by frequent cultural references in culture, tourism or art, it is worthwhile to ask to what extent this memory is rooted in the actions and emotions of contemporary Łódź residents.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 118-159
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 118-159
    Schlagwort(e): Collective memory Political aspects ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Public opinion ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland) ; Poland Politics and government 1945-
    Kurzfassung: The tragic experiences of prisoners of the second largest ghetto organized by the Germans on Polish lands (after the Warsaw ghetto) were seldom incorporated into the sphere of of ficial commemorations of World War II in communist Poland. This text attempts to retrace the increasing marginalization of collective memory in the Lódź ghetto during 1945-1989 and point to the peculiar niches where its cultivation was permitted. The author is interested predominantly in the issue of the communist politics of historical memory with regard to the collective perceptions of the occupation-period history of the Bahuty quarter, which was iso history of the 'closed quarter in tódź, that is manifestations of the top-down formatting of lated from the outside world. In the background of these reflections appears the issue of ten sion between official and popular memory and a question as to when and in what contexts the content of the latter could manifest themselves in the public space of the People's Republic of Poland. The article's source base is publications, periodicals, and selected documentation of intstitutions co-creating the communist politics of historical memory
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 343-364
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 343-364
    Schlagwort(e): Hahn, Viktor, Diaries ; Jews, Czech Sources History ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: Viktor Hahn's łódź ghetto diary is one of the few documents concerning the Warsaw ghetto that can be found in the Prague Jewish Museum, and is the only diary written in Czech. The testimony, rather small in volume, discusses two months of the author's stay in the Łódź ghet to and a forced labor camp outside Poznań, but it nevertheless is an interesting source. On the one hand it presents the author's war-time experiences, and on the other, is an excellent picture of the Prague Jewish community deported to the bodź ghetto in the autumn of 1941, who lived in collective residences, the so-called "collectives". The last entries are an excep tional testimony of a man whose name was included in the deportation lists and who by near miracle survived thanks to reporting for forced labor.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract. , Includes the text of the diary (pp. 352-363).
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 55-82
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 55-82
    Schlagwort(e): Jewish farmers Training of ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Jewish ghettos ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Sources ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: This article is devoted to the Hakhshara programs operating during the first months of the Łódź ghetto's existence. A few dozen groups associating Jewish youth were formed on aban doned farms in Marysin in the summer of 1940. They were formally incorporated into the Agricultural Department, which operated within the framework of the Jewish administra tion of the ghetto. They were divided into two types. Those named with letters associated people connected with Zionist Halutz organizations, that is, those who were preparing to play the role of pioneers in Palestine. By contrast, those marked with Roman numerals as sociated young people from very different milieus. Referred to in documents as kibbutzim, the groups were headed by boards elected by their members. They organized work on the farms on which the buildings they occupied were situated and they conducted cultural and sports activity. The level of those group's independence decreased in the late autumn of 1940. Aside internal conflicts the factors which contributed to the fall of the Hakhshara movement were the worsening food supply in the ghetto (growing shortages of foodstuffs) and the necessity to organize the Departments of Labor, to which directed were the young people from Marysin.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 315-323
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 315-323
    Schlagwort(e): Dąbrowska, Danuta, ; Żydowski Instytut Historyczny--Instytut Naukowo-Badawczy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Historiography ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: Danuta Dabrowska was the first to research the history of the Lódź ghetto. Born in Germany, she survived the occupation in the Falenica ghetto, and was subsequently hiding on the so called "Aryan side" in Warsaw. After liberation she took up arts studies and worked at the Jewish Historical Institute, where in the 1960s she prepared several scientific articles on the history of the Lódź ghetto. At the same time, she became involved in work on the Chronicle of the Lódź Ghetto, which was interrupted by the anti-Semitic campaign of March'68. It was then that Dabrowska left Poland and settled in Israel, where she continued her scientific work at the Yad Vashem Institute in Jerusalem.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 324-340
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 324-340
    Schlagwort(e): Gutman, Ignacy ; Jewish architects Biography ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: The paper presents Ignacy Gutman (1900-1972), engineer, architect, author of numerous designs of residential houses and public buildings in Łódź. Gutman survived five years of World War II in the Łódź ghetto. He was head of the Construction Department. He drew the first plan of the ghetto and designed the banknotes that were used in the ghetto. After the war, he was a witness in the trial of Hans Biebow, who was the German administrator of the ghetto. In 1947, he was denounced and charged with crimes against the Jewish pop ulation, which he vehemently denied. His biography has been reconstructed on the basis of trial testimonies, emigration documents, the Gutman family archive, and oral history interviews.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 365-392
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 365-392
    Schlagwort(e): ha-Shomer ha-tsaʻir (Poland) ; Youth movements, Jewish ; Jews Interviews ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Sources ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: to the summer of 1943, young members of the Shomer organization active in the Lódź ghetto carried out several interviews with random passers-by. It was a part of educational activity organized by Shomer tutors. The teenagers were tasked with interviewing and recording ac cording to to a preset format.The material thus obtained turned out to be a valuable source about many aspects of life in the Lódź ghetto: family and financial situation of the interviewees, their physical condition and, let us stress, their contacts (protection). Equally important is information about the Shom ers obtained during the interviews, their level of education, how they formulated conclusions, their involvement in the group. The material is not very extensive, but it turns out to be an important source for further research of the activity of youth organizations in the ghetto.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 414-420
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 414-420
    Schlagwort(e): Lerczynski, Ryszard ; Righteous Gentiles in the Holocaust ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Rescue ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: For many years in historiography there persisted the conviction that the Łódź ghetto was completely isolated from the outside world. But recent research has proved that although the Łódź closed quarter was indeed more isolated than other ghettoes, it was definitely not hermetic as contacts, though on a small scale, were maintained throughout the occupation. This thesis finds confirmation in the help provided to Ruchla Frymar and Chaim Putersznyt by Ryszard Lerczyński. This individual story shows what the Polish-Jewish relations in Lit mannstadt looked like. The story of the only Łódź Righteous among the Nations makes it pos sible to understand the circumstances in which help was provided in that big city, at the same time leaving open the question as to why those instances were so few and far between.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Artikel
    Artikel
    In:  Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały 16 (2020) 578-599
    Sprache: Polnisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Zagłada Żydów; studia i materiały
    Angaben zur Quelle: 16 (2020) 578-599
    Schlagwort(e): Chelmno (Concentration camp) ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; World War, 1939-1945 Deportations ; Litzmannstadt-Getto (Łódź, Poland)
    Kurzfassung: Recently conducted research has led to solving many key problems connected with the Lod ghetto's history. The German decision-making processes and reactions of the Jewish admin istration of the ghetto to the deportations to the death centers have been reconstructed. This text focuses on issues connected with the organization and course of the deportations from the ghetto to the death center in Chełmno nad Nerem (Kulmhof am Ner) between January and May 1942. It is an attempt to reconstruct the events which took place during the depor tations (including at the Radegast station, where the deportees were loaded onto train cars) and during their journey to the extermination site.
    Anmerkung: With an English abstract.
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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