Language:
English
Year of publication:
2007
Titel der Quelle:
Kritika
Angaben zur Quelle:
8,4 (2007) 749-787
Keywords:
Jews
;
Jews
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Abstract:
Two types of anti-Jewish violence occurred in Bessarabia and Northern Bukovina in July-August 1941: pogrom-like behavior aiming to plunder and loot Jewish property, as well as to humiliate the Jews; and the systematic murder of Jews, aiming to cleanse the territory of them. Focuses on the second type, which belongs to the category of "participation in the Holocaust". Between 45,000-60,000 Jews were killed after Romanian rule was re-established in the provinces. The Romanian Army and gendarmerie played a major role in the murders, some of which were perpetrated by the local population. Popular anti-Jewish violence was endemic, but in order to take the form of systematic murder it needed only one of two existing conditions: there had to be a core of antisemitic nationalists, Romanian or Ukrainian, committed to the idea of a Jew-free country and supported by the majority of the locals, or the killings had to take place under the direction of the Romanian military and gendarmerie. Dwells on the motives of the local population in these actions, including ideological antisemitism, a desire to curry favor with the occupying authorities, outright sadism, and a desire to loot. The experience of the Soviet occupation played a very limited role in the motivation of anti-Jewish violence.
Note:
Appeared also in "The Holocaust in the East" (2014) 51-82.
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