Judaica-Portal

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Paul and Jewish sacrifices : perspectives and arguments. (2024)

Pereira Delgado, Álvaro 1979- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 115,1 (2024) 90-113

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ISSN: 0044-2615

Language: English

Year of publication: 2024

Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft

Angaben zur Quelle: 115,1 (2024) 90-113

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) Religious aspects ; Christianity ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Sacrifice New Testament teaching

Abstract: According to the traditional perspective, the early Christians refused to continue with the temple sacrifice. Christ on the cross had already atoned for all sins. Recently, other scholars, especially those belonging to the Radical New Perspective on Paul (or “Paul within Judaism” research), have argued instead that Paul carried on with temple worship, considered it efficacious, and expected Christ-following Jews to continue with the sacrifice. In this research we will investigate the positions of the different perspectives on Paul’s attitude toward Jewish sacrifices and evaluate the arguments at stake. Our research leads us to the conclusion that Paul did not consider the temple sacrifices a problem, but neither did he give them any salvific relevance for the recipients of his letters.

DOI: 10.1515/znw-2024-0005

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Emissary to Jews in the diaspora and to some non-Jews, champion of Jewish monotheism and circumspect of diaspora Judaism : Paul of Tarsus in the Book of Acts. (2024)

Stenschke, Christoph W. 1966- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: New Testament Studies 70,1 (2024) 72-87

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ISSN: 0028-6885

Language: English

Year of publication: 2024

Titel der Quelle: New Testament Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: 70,1 (2024) 72-87

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Monotheism ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Jewish diaspora History Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D.

Abstract: In Christian tradition, Paul is the apostle to the nations. However, his portrayal in the Book of Acts is more nuanced. For a longer period, Paul's ministry is limited to Jews. Only from Acts 13 onwards does Paul slowly emerge as ministering to non-Jews. Yet even then, Paul remains foremost an emissary to diaspora Judaism. In its apology for Paul and his disputed way of including non-Jews into the people of God, Acts emphasises that Paul did so without diminishing the priority of Israel, as a staunch proponent of Jewish monotheism and in a way that took full account of the precarious situation of diaspora Judaism.

DOI: 10.1017/S0028688523000218

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’Ενευλογηθήσονται as a speech action middle in Genesis 12:3b LXX. (2024)

York, Dan ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Harvard Theological Review 117,1 (2024) 21-42

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ISSN: 0017-8160

Language: English

Year of publication: 2024

Titel der Quelle: Harvard Theological Review

Angaben zur Quelle: 117,1 (2024) 21-42

Keywords: Philo, Language ; Paul, Language ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Bible. Septuagint ; Language, style ; Greek language, Biblical Verb

Abstract: Interpreters unanimously read ἐνευλογηθήσονται in Gen 12:3b LXX as a passive. Good evidence, however, exists to challenge and problematize this conclusion. Recent linguistic studies on the ancient Greek middle voice reveal that aorist and future -θη- forms express a semantically middle domain. When we reexamine the word ἐνευλογέομαι within this light, a better option emerges for seeing its -θη- forms as manifestations of speech actions within this middle domain. In their own unique ways, the LXX as well as Philo, Paul, and Acts further corroborate this alternative. As a result, we may read ἐνευλογηθήσονται in Gen 12:3b LXX as a speech action middle: “to pronounce blessings.” The proposed reading promotes a better understanding of Abraham within Genesis LXX. Rather than a means to an end, Abraham remains at the center of God’s blessing as the earth’s families cry out: “God make me like Abraham!”

DOI: 10.1017/S0017816023000433

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The subjection of the creature to the futility of idolatry : the scope and application of Romans 8:19–22. (2023)

Perriman, Andrew C. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Bulletin for Biblical Research 33,3 (2023) 281-303

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ISSN: 1065-223X

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Bulletin for Biblical Research

Angaben zur Quelle: 33,3 (2023) 281-303

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible ; Idolatry New Testament teaching

Abstract: What Paul has to say in Rom 8:19–22 about the subjection of ἡ κτίσις to futility, its bondage to corruption, and its groaning in pain is usually read as a statement about the general condition of creation, ruined by the sin of Adam as indicated in Rom 5:12, which, along with believers in Jesus, yearns for final restoration. The argument put forward here will be that the conceptual frame for the passage is furnished not by the story of the fall but by the more focused and characteristically Hellenistic-Jewish polemic against “Greek” idolatry developed in Rom 1:19–23. What troubles Paul as a pious Jew in the Mediterranean world is the subjection of the material of creation—wood, stone, gold, silver—to futile religious practices that result in the corruption of life. The whole of creation groans in solidarity with the abused “creature,” but in the “present time” there is also a groaning community that bears confident witness to the approaching end of the impious pagan order.

DOI: 10.5325/bullbiblrese.33.3.0281

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Der Jude Paulus und das Evangelium von Jesus Christus. (2023)

Schröter, Jens 1961- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Das Neue Testament jüdisch erklärt in der Diskussion (2023) 236-242

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ISBN: 9783438055064

Language: German

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Das Neue Testament jüdisch erklärt in der Diskussion

Angaben zur Quelle: (2023) 236-242

Keywords: Paul, Jewish interpretations ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc.

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Que dit l'archéologie? : Dans les pas de l'apôtre Paul. (2023)

Villeneuve, E. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Le Monde de la Bible 244 (2023) 62-65

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ISSN: 0154-9049

Language: French

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Le Monde de la Bible

Angaben zur Quelle: 244 (2023) 62-65

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Antiquities

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Est-il devenu antijuifs? : Paul et le judaïsme. (2023)

Buisson-Rozensztrauch, Raphael ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Le Monde de la Bible 244 (2023) 46-49

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ISSN: 0154-9049

Language: French

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Le Monde de la Bible

Angaben zur Quelle: 244 (2023) 46-49

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Biography ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Quel juif est-il? : Saul de Tarse, un être hybride. (2023)

Jaffe, Dan ; יפה, דן ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; [et al.]

In: Le Monde de la Bible 244 (2023) 24-29

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ISSN: 0154-9049

Language: French

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Le Monde de la Bible

Angaben zur Quelle: 244 (2023) 24-29

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Biography ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc.

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"What God has joined together..." : Paul's commitments to apocalyptic, the covenant, and the Jews. (2023)

Campbell, Douglas A.;1961- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Covenant and the People of God (2023) 8-17

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ISBN: 9781666732436

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Covenant and the People of God

Angaben zur Quelle: (2023) 8-17

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Covenant theology New Testament teaching ; Eschatology New Testament teaching ; Jews in the New Testament

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"As to the law - a Pharisee” (Phil 3:5c) : do we have a friend in Paul?. (2023)

Ehrensperger, Kathy 1956- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Ties that Bind (2023) 95-105

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ISBN: 9780567702586

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: The Ties that Bind

Angaben zur Quelle: (2023) 95-105

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Identity ; New Testament teaching ; Pharisees New Testament teaching

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"Children of promise, like Isaac" : an intertextual interpretation of Paul's allusion to "two covenants" in Galatians 4:21-31. (2023)

Mulder, Michael C. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Covenant and the People of God (2023) 156-166

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ISBN: 9781666732436

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Covenant and the People of God

Angaben zur Quelle: (2023) 156-166

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible ; Covenant theology New Testament teaching

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Mit Glanz und Gloria : Paulus liest Ex 34. (2023)

Söding, Thomas 1956- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Vor allen Dingen (2023) 432-452

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ISBN: 9783451388965

Language: German

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Vor allen Dingen

Angaben zur Quelle: (2023) 432-452

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible

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Quelques réflexions sur les concepts de loi et d’élection dans le Talmud, Paul de Tarse et Justin de Néapolis. (2023)

Jaffe, Dan ; יפה, דן ; Justin Martyr, Saint ; [et al.]

In: Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses 98,3 (2023) 363-382

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ISSN: 0014-2239

Language: French

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses

Angaben zur Quelle: 98,3 (2023) 363-382

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Justin, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Election, Doctrine of ; Rabbinical literature History and criticism ; Jews in the New Testament

Abstract: The texts of the Talmud exposed in this study show a complex thinking where Israel is a people that has literally elected itself. It is no longer the biblical God who elects as He pleases but the chosen people who elect their God. Paul recognizes the election of the Jewish people, however the believing pagans also enter the covenant. The idea of substituting one people for another is attested by Justin who, while relying on Paul (notably Ga 4:21-31), extrapolates the concept of election by radicalizing it. The approach chosen is not only historical, in the sense that its purpose is not so much the search for the fact as for the meaning of the ideas and contradictions present within the religious traditions.

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Paul's non-supersessionist theology. (2023)

Boccaccini, Gabriele 1958- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Covenant and the People of God (2023) 1-7

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ISBN: 9781666732436

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Covenant and the People of God

Angaben zur Quelle: (2023) 1-7

Keywords: Paul, ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Jacob Neusner on academic and religious authority, and reform Judaism. (2023)

Gertel, Elliot B. ; Neusner, Jacob 1932-2016 ; Ньюснер, Джейкоб 1932-2016 ; [et al.]

In: CCAR Journal; a Reform Jewish Quarterly 70,2 (2023) 13-36

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ISSN: 0149-712X

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: CCAR Journal; a Reform Jewish Quarterly

Angaben zur Quelle: 70,2 (2023) 13-36

Keywords: Neusner, Jacob, ; Reform Judaism Philosophy

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Paul, the Jewish Apostle to the nations : key aspects of the Paul within Judaism perspective. (2023)

Ehrensperger, Kathy 1956- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Early Christianity 14,1 (2023) 35-54

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ISSN: 1868-7032

Language: English

Year of publication: 2023

Titel der Quelle: Early Christianity

Angaben zur Quelle: 14,1 (2023) 35-54

Keywords: Paul, Jewish interpretations ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Gentiles in the New Testament

Abstract: To affirm that Paul was a Jew did not emerge with the Paul within Judaism perspective, but only in recent decades have scholars begun not to evaluate this negatively over against Christianity. When the label »Paul within Judaism« appeared on the scene of scholarly research, it assembled under its umbrella a number of scholars who had argued over a significant period of time and from diverse angles that not only Paul himself but also his message should be seen as fully part of the range of Jewish traditions of the time. This has implications for all aspects of Pauline theologizing, including the key aspects of the assessment of time as messianic time, the role of scripture for ethnē in Christ, and God's faithfulness to his people Israel.

DOI: 10.1628/ec-2023-0005

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On the debate between the Paulines and the rabbis in late antiquity around the body and sexuality and its significance to the present day, through D. Boyarin's postmodern view. (2022)

Mihaely, Zohar ; Philo of Alexandria ; פילון האלכסנדרוני ; [et al.]

In: Roczniki kulturoznawcze 13,3 (2022) 57-86

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ISSN: 2082-8578

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Roczniki kulturoznawcze

Angaben zur Quelle: 13,3 (2022) 57-86

Keywords: Boyarin, Daniel Criticism and interpretation ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; Rabbinical literature History and criticism ; Judaism History ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity ; Sex Religious aspects ; Human body Religious aspects ; Feminism Religious aspects

DOI: 10.18290/rkult22133.3

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Une lecture juive de Paul ("Rm" 9 à 11). (2022)

Haddad, Philippe ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Sens; Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde aujourd'hui 74,9-10 (2022) 486-495

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ISSN: 0337-6222

Language: French

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Sens; Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde aujourd'hui

Angaben zur Quelle: 74,9-10 (2022) 486-495

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish ; Christianity and other religions Judaism

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The ritual-less Jew : Jewish studies between the universal and the particular. (2022)

Hughes, Aaron W. 1968- ; Neusner, Jacob 1932-2016 ; Ньюснер, Джейкоб 1932-2016 ; [et al.]

In: Journal of Jewish Thought & Philosophy 30,1 (2022) 172-188

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ISSN: 1053-699X

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Journal of Jewish Thought & Philosophy

Angaben zur Quelle: 30,1 (2022) 172-188

Keywords: Bland, Kalman P., ; Neusner, Jacob, ; Prayer Judaism ; Judaism Study and teaching ; Philosophy ; Judaism Study and teaching ; History

Abstract: This article uses Kalman P. Bland’s The Artless Jew as a way to think about the recent history of the study of Judaism. The discipline’s preoccupation with disembodied texts has led to a way to conceptualize and situate Jews and Judaism that leaves certain blind spots and lacunae within our dominant narratives. To illumine some of these, the article focuses on ritual and what we can learn about the study of ritual in Judaism – and the study of Judaism more generally – by connecting it not to the particularities of Jewishness, but to the ostensible universalism of larger fields of study, such as the academic study of religion.

DOI: 10.1163/1477285X-12341331

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Where do we go from here? : Intra-Jewish interaction and the role of non-Jews within the Jesus movement. (2022)

Nanos, Mark D. 1954- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Negotiating Identities (2022) 217-235

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ISBN: 9781978714731

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Negotiating Identities

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 217-235

Keywords: Paul, ; Judaism History To 70 A.D. ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Gentiles in the New Testament

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Rencontrer l’autre : la position des Galates dans les discussions avec Paul. (2022)

Nicolet, Valérie ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses 97,4 (2022) 433-445

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ISSN: 0014-2239

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Etudes Théologiques et Religieuses

Angaben zur Quelle: 97,4 (2022) 433-445

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Strangers Religious aspects Early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christianity ; History of doctrines ; Sabbath in post-biblical literature ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: This article discusses a few elements of the epistle to the Galatians and keeps two things in mind in its interpretation : the fact that Paul presents himself as apostle to the nations, and the position of the Galatians inside the Roman empire. It also includes an analysis of the relationships between Jews and non-Jews in Antiquity in order to better understand why the Galatians’ position, severely criticized by Paul, could actually make sense in the context of these communities.

DOI: 10.3917/etr.974.0433

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What does it mean to see Paul "within Judaism"?. (2022)

Fredriksen, Paula ; פרדריקסן, פאולה 1951- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; [et al.]

In: Journal of Biblical Literature 141,2 (2022) 359-380

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ISSN: 0021-9231

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Journal of Biblical Literature

Angaben zur Quelle: 141,2 (2022) 359-380

Keywords: Paul, ; Paul, Jewish interpretations ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: What happens if we think of "Jewish law" not as a category of Christian theology but as an element of ancient kinship construction, "ancestral custom" (Gal 1:14)? We will see more clearly how much late Second Temple Judaism shared with contemporary Mediterranean cultures. We will see how ancient ethnic essentialism—the conviction that different peoples evinced different behaviors because of their very "nature" (φύσις)—shapes Paul's thought about gentiles no less than it shaped Greek thought about Persians, or Roman thought about Greeks. We will see how Jewish law provided not the contrast to Paul's gospel but in fact much of its content. We will see that there is no reason to assume that Paul stopped living Jewishly (Ἰουδαϊκῶς) just because he wanted gentiles to stop living "paganly" (ἐθνικῶς). We will let Paul reside coherently in a world radically different from our own—the ethnically essentialist, behaviorally variegated, god-congested world of first-century Jewishness.

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Das jüdische Gesetz bei Paulus im Kontext des Neuen Testaments. (2022)

Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit (2022) 43-80

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ISBN: 9783161610998

Language: German

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 43-80

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Jewish law New Testament teaching

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Einführung : Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit - der Heidenapostel aus Israel in neuer Sicht. (2022)

Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit (2022) 1-40

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ISBN: 9783161610998

Language: German

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 1-40

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament Biography ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Die paulinische Rede von der Selbstversklavung in 1 Kor 9,19 vor dem Hintergrund jüdischer Identität im Sklavenstand. (2022)

Bühner, Ruben A. 1990- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: New Testament Studies 69,2 (2023) 195-209

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ISSN: 0028-6885

Language: German

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: New Testament Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: 69,2 (2023) 195-209

Keywords: Paul, Jewish interpretations ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Identity ; Slavery Religious aspects ; Christianity ; Metaphor in the New Testament

Abstract: Paul's reference to his adaptability to different groups in 1 Cor 9.19–23 is central to recent discussions about Paul's Jewishness. This paper argues that the crucial context for Paul's metaphor of self-enslavement (1 Cor 9.19) is not to be found in anthropological passages such as Rom 6 or Gal 5, but rather in the conditions of a slave's life in antiquity. This leads to an interpretation that combines essential concerns of a Paul within Judaism perspective with those of more traditional exegesis.

DOI: 10.1017/S0028688522000285

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Past Paul's Jewishness : the Benjaminite Paul in Epiphanius of Cyprus. (2022)

Chalmers, Matthew ; Epiphanius Saint, Bishop of Constantia in Cyprus approximately 310-403 ; اپيفانيوس،;القديس ; [et al.]

In: Harvard Theological Review 115,3 (2022) 309-330

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ISSN: 0017-8160

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Harvard Theological Review

Angaben zur Quelle: 115,3 (2022) 309-330

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Epiphanius, ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Identification (Religion)

Abstract: Paul’s Jewishness has often acted as a pivot in scholarship about the relationship between Christianity and Judaism, especially in recent conversation about the date and duration of the so-called “Parting of the Ways.” Too little attention has been paid, however, to who represented Paul as Jewish (or not) and why. I examine the late antique reception of Paul’s ethnic identity in Epiphanius of Cyprus, heresiologist, bishop, and someone for whom representation of Jewishness often served as a foil for the manufacture of orthodoxy. I argue that for Epiphanius, when Paul’s ethnic identity is relevant at all, the focus falls on an Israelite, Benjaminite Paul. Paul’s Jewishness becomes peripheral. Building on this observation, I suggest that we must understand even the reification of Jewishness familiar to current scholarship as only one of the late antique Christian behaviors that governed identification as Israelite.

DOI: 10.1017/S0017816022000219

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Setting the stage : the variety of Judaism and the origin of Christianity. (2022)

Collins, John J. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Negotiating Identities (2022) 13-32

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ISBN: 9781978714731

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Negotiating Identities

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 13-32

Keywords: Paul, ; Post-biblical literature History and criticism ; Judaism History To 70 A.D. ; Judaism History of doctrines To 70 A.D.

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Ἰησοῦς Χριστός, Jesus Messiah. (2022)

Schnabel, Eckhard J. ; Jesus ; ישו הנוצרי ; [et al.]

In: Tyndale Bulletin 73 (2022) 1-21

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ISSN: 0082-7118

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Tyndale Bulletin

Angaben zur Quelle: 73 (2022) 1-21

Keywords: Paul, ; Jesus Messiahship ; History of doctrines ; New Testament Language, style ; Greek language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; Aramaic language Terms and phrases ; Hebrew language Terms and phrases

Abstract: The consensus of New Testament scholars that the appellation Χριστός in Paul’s letters isa personal name and devoid of messianic convictions is increasingly questioned. Movingbeyond philological, tradition-historical, exegetical, and common-sense arguments, thefollowing can be demonstrated. When we treat Paul as a real person who read and studiedthe Hebrew Scriptures, who proclaimed the gospel in both Greek and Aramaic, using someHebrew in the synagogues, who taught in local congregations in both Greek and Aramaic,who maintained contact with the Aramaic-speaking Jesus followers in Jerusalem throughouthis ministry, and who sang and prayed in Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek, the assumption that,for Paul, Χριστός always stood for ַיחִ שָׁ מַּ ה/אָ יחִ שְׁ מ, the Messiah of God and the Messiah ofGod’s people, is highly plausible.

DOI: 10.53751/001c.35242

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Article

Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit - und heute. (2022)

Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit (2022) 401-417

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ISBN: 9783161610998

Language: German

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 401-417

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Hypodescent in two ancient Jewish writers : Jubilees and Paul on mixed marriages. (2022)

Thiessen, Matthew ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Negotiating Identities (2022) 181-195

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ISBN: 9781978714731

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Negotiating Identities

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 181-195

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Book of Jubilees Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Interfaith marriage in post-biblical literature ; Interfaith marriage New Testament teaching

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An evolutionary perspective on Temple, synagogue, and "ekklēsia" with special focus on Paul : a dialogue with Géza Xeravits (and several other colleagues). (2022)

Petersen, Anders Klostergaard ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Understanding Texts in Early Judaism (2022) 401-432

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ISBN: 9783110768367

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Understanding Texts in Early Judaism

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 401-432

Keywords: Paul, ; Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) ; Judaism History ; Synagogues History To 500 ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Eretz Israel Religious life and customs To 70 A.D.

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Paul’s use of Exodus : appealing to the wilderness experience. (2022)

Allen, David M. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Reception of Exodus Motifs in Jewish and Christian Literature (2022) 287-308

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ISBN: 9789004471115

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: The Reception of Exodus Motifs in Jewish and Christian Literature

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 287-308

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament Relation to the Bible ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Exodus, The New Testament teaching

Abstract: Dave Allen explores the major uses of Exodus material in Paul’s letters, especially those directed to Rome and Corinth. He analyses the formal citations in Rom 9:15–17, the explicit comparison Paul develops between the wilderness generation and the situation of his Corinthian audience (1 Cor 10), the reference to the imagery of the Paschal lamb in 1 Cor 5, and the theme of Moses’ veiling his face in 2 Cor 3:7–18 (cf. Exod 32–34). This enables him to draw out some important methodological reflections about how Paul re-appropriates these traditions, drawn especially from the later section of the scriptural work, and where this situates him in relation to his contemporary exegetical context.

DOI: 10.1163/9789004471122_016

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Entering the conversation on Paul : was he a Christian and did he attend Church?. (2022)

Runesson, Anders ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Judaism for Gentiles (2022) 85-118

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ISBN: 9783161593284

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Judaism for Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 85-118

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Note: Appeared previously in "Paul within Judaism: restoring the first-century context to the Apostle" (2015) 53-77.

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Article

Placing Paul : understanding theological strategy in institutional context. (2022)

Runesson, Anders ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Judaism for Gentiles (2022) 175-193

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ISBN: 9783161593284

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Judaism for Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 175-193

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Note: Appeared previously in "SEA" 80 (2015) 43-67.

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Law as a problematic aspect of religion : Paul’s skepticism in a broader Jewish context. (2022)

Ruzer, Serge ; Рузер, Сергей ; רוזר, סרג' 1950- ; [et al.]

In: Law as Religion, Religion as Law (2022) 343-361

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ISBN: 9781108486538

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Law as Religion, Religion as Law

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 343-361

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament Relation to the Bible ; Jewish law New Testament teaching

Abstract: Paul’s writing reflects a variety of attitudes towards Jewish ritual precepts, among them a denial of those precepts’ helpfulness on the path to religious perfection. Paul indeed upholds the unshaken authority of the hard-core moral commandments of the biblical law; yet he is skeptical about the Torah’s ability to enable one to follow its ordinances. Paul’s attitude seems to have been partly conditioned by his projected gentile addressees, whom he saw – in agreement with Hellenistic Jewish tendencies – as those whose path to redemption is not defined by the Torah as the exclusive source of divine law. However, as the paper argues, Paul also had in mind an additional, implicit audience – the Jews within the Jesus movement; his letters therefore were to speak to that audience too. Keeping in mind that “hidden Jewish setting” of Paul’s arguments, the paper outlines broader trajectories in Jewish tradition that evolved in similar directions. Even when not questioning the Torah as the foundation of covenant, these trajectories highlighted problematic aspects of the revealed law formulated in a set of written decrees. Paul thus is shown to be a witness to a broader skeptical tendency, while the solution he offers clearly represents the apostle’s “sectarian” conviction.

DOI: 10.1017/9781108760997.015

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Understanding Paul as a first-century Jew in the twenty-first century : the problem of relevance, bias, and approach. (2022)

Runesson, Anders ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Judaism for Gentiles (2022) 17-57

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ISBN: 9783161593284

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Judaism for Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 17-57

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Christianity Historiography ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600

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Reforming the reformer : reading Paul with Luther in contemporary Europe and beyond. (2022)

Runesson, Anders ; Luther, Martin 1483-1546 ; לותר, מרטין 1483-1546 ; [et al.]

In: Judaism for Gentiles (2022) 311-327

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ISBN: 9783161593284

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Judaism for Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 311-327

Keywords: Luther, Martin, Criticism and interpretation ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Christianity and other religions Judaism ; History

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Article

Epilogue. (2022)

Runesson, Anders ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Judaism for Gentiles (2022) 329-337

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ISBN: 9783161593284

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Judaism for Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 329-337

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Être juif? : F.C. Baur, le paulinisme et la question du judaïsme. (2022)

Thate, Michael J. 1978- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Regards de savants juifs et chrétiens sur le judaïsme du Second Temple (2022) 81-108

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ISBN: 9782830917499

Language: French

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Regards de savants juifs et chrétiens sur le judaïsme du Second Temple

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 81-108

Keywords: Baur, Ferdinand Christian, ; Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. 19th century ; History ; Christianity and other religions Judaism 19th century ; History

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Paul among Jews, Greeks, and Romans. (2022)

Trebilco, Paul R. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies (2022) 146-161

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ISBN: 9780199600489

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 146-161

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Theology ; New Testament. Language, style ; Pharisees

Abstract: Paul was at home in the three worlds of the title of this chapter, which formed a complex and variegated whole. Paul presents us with a range of his Jewish credentials, including that he is ‘a Hebrew born of Hebrews’ and a Pharisee. We have no reason to doubt that he was born in Tarsus and received some education in Jerusalem (Acts 22: 3). A number of dimensions of Paul’s theology can be seen to have come from his Jewish framework of thought, even as he reworks that thought in the light of his new experience in Christ. Dimensions of Paul’s language and thought can also be seen to reflect the all-pervasive Graeco-Roman culture of the day, in which Paul was thoroughly at home. He had received some elements of Hellenistic education and was both a citizen of Tarsus and a Roman citizen. All three contexts are important when we are interpreting Paul’s letters, and we would be wrong to ask if any one context should be given absolute priority. He was ideally suited then to take a Jewish Gospel to the Graeco-Roman world.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199600489.013.002

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Article

Paul and Israel. (2022)

Thiessen, Matthew ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies (2022) 371-388

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ISBN: 9780199600489

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 371-388

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism 1st century ; History ; Jews in the New Testament ; Gentiles in the New Testament

Abstract: When Paul says ‘Israel’, what or whom does he have in mind? Christian theological tradition has long answered that by ‘Israel’, a universalist Paul means ethnically non-specific ‘Christians’. But a great deal of evidence in Paul’s letters weighs against such an idea. This chapter examines, in turn, the modern myth of a post-ethnic Paul, ancient ideas about divine and human ethnicity, Paul’s language about Jewish and gentile ‘natures’, Paul’s language about Jewish and Gentile kinds of sins, Paul’s application of different Jewish laws to Jews and Gentiles, respectively, and finally Paul’s actual usage of the ethnonyms ‘Jew’ and ‘Israel’. It is concluded that, for Paul, Jews are Israel, and Israel, his own family, is the Jews. God, through Christ, at the end of the ages (mid-first century CE), was graciously calling all humanity into the redemption that he had promised to Israel long ago. Eschatological humanity thus remains two different people groups—Israel and the nations—embraced by a single salvation.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199600489.013.34

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Article

Paul the "convert"?. (2022)

Fredriksen, Paula ; פרדריקסן, פאולה 1951- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; [et al.]

In: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies (2022) 31-53

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ISBN: 9780199600489

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 31-53

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christian converts from Judaism Biography

Abstract: ‘Paul the “Convert”?’ has three goals: to track the history of this construction of Paul from its origins in antiquity through to the present; to examine scholarly assessments of its utility; and to offer a synthetic historical account of how and why Paul acted as he did to either side of his affiliation with the Jesus movement. In various sections the chapter examines the fundamental contributions of Munck, Stendahl, and Dahl and those of E. P. Sanders, James Dunn, and the so-called ‘New Perspective on Paul’; the work of Alan Segal, Daniel Boyarin, and N.T. Wright; and the proposals of Lloyd Gaston, John Gager, and Stanley Stowers. Finally, the chapter explores newer work arguing that both the content and the context of Paul’s mission to pagans continued to be Second Temple Judaism, inflected by the peculiar eschatology of the Jesus movement. For this reason, the essay concludes, Paul’s transformative experience is best conceptualized as his ‘call’.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199600489.013.22

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Article

Paul and Scripture. (2022)

Watson, Francis 1956- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies (2022) 357-370

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ISBN: 9780199600489

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: The Oxford Handbook of Pauline Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 357-370

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Relation to Genesis ; New Testament. Relation to Psalms

Abstract: This essay gives a programmatic account of Paul’s engagement with scripture, focusing especially on Paul’s most frequently cited source texts: Genesis and Psalms. Paul’s engagement with scripture, it is argued, is shaped by three main factors. First, he views himself not primarily as an interpreter of scripture but as a proclaimer of the gospel. Second, Paul’s own Pharisaic past makes him acutely aware that most of his fellow Jews read the same texts he does, and yet do not share his faith in Jesus as the crucified and risen Messiah. Third, Paul’s scriptural interpretation occurs in the context of letters addressed to communities he has founded. Paul does not engage with scripture to the same extent in all his letters. It would be a mistake to characterize him as, always and in every respect, a ‘biblical theologian’. Yet it would be a greater mistake to underestimate the value and significance he attributes to scripture.

DOI: 10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199600489.013.19

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Paul, Phoebe, Timothy, and their collections for Judea. (2022)

Fellows, Richard G. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Novum Testamentum 65,2 (2023) 40-56

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ISSN: 0048-1009

Language: English

Year of publication: 2022

Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum

Angaben zur Quelle: 65,2 (2023) 40-56

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Poverty New Testament teaching ; Fund raising ; Eretz Israel In the New Testament

Abstract: Studies of Paul’s collection(s) for Judea have suffered from the largely unexamined assumption that he wanted all regions to donate at the same time. Paul and Phoebe collaborated to organize a collection from Rome, and Paul anticipated a collection from Asia. There was likely a collection from Galatia several years before the collection from Macedonia and Achaia, and there is little reason to doubt the collection from Antioch. The silence of Acts concerning these collections is no argument against them, and it can be explained as a protective measure. We have no evidence that any of the collections were rejected.

DOI: 10.1163/15685365-bja10034

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Article

Would the Christian Paul consider himself a Jew?. (2021)

Schwartz, Daniel R. ; Шварц, Даниэль ; שוורץ, דניאל 1952- ; [et al.]

In: Reflections on Judaism and Christianity in Antiquity (2021) 115-119

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ISBN: 9782807612754

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Reflections on Judaism and Christianity in Antiquity

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 115-119

Keywords: Paul, Jewish interpretations ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Jews Identity ; History

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"But it is not as though the word of God had failed" : Israel as a sub-text in Romans?”. (2021)

Campbell, William S. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 165-186

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 165-186

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament

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Article

The ins and outs of Paul’s Israelite remnant. (2021)

Garroway, Joshua ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 187-198

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 187-198

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament

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Paul, the Israelite, on Israel and the gentiles at the end of time : reflections on Rom 9-11. (2021)

Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 271-288

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 271-288

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament ; Gentiles in the New Testament

Note: Appeared also in his collected articles "Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit" (2022) 357-371.

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Article

The gentile as insider and outsider in Paul’s Letter to the Romans. (2021)

Atkinson, Kenneth 1960- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 199-217

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 199-217

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Gentiles in the New Testament ; Jews in the New Testament

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The inspired interpretation of Scripture in 2 Corinthians 3, the writings of Philo Judaeus, and the Letter to the Hebrews. (2021)

Levison, John R. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Spirit Says (2021) 271-292

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ISBN: 9783110688214

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: The Spirit Says

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 271-292

Keywords: Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament Relation to the Bible

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Article

Paul and the joining of the ways : ordering the eschaton, preparing for judgment. (2021)

Runesson, Anders ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 25-48

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 25-48

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Eschatology New Testament teaching ; Gentiles in the New Testament ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Note: Appeared also in his collected articles "Judaism for Gentiles" (2022) 207-225.

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Article

Paul between Judaism and Hellenism. (2021)

Peres, Imre ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 103-118

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 103-118

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Judaism History To 70 A.D. ; Hellenism Influence

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Article

“If you are called a Judean ….” (Rom 2:17) : Paul and his interlocutor. (2021)

Öhler, Markus ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 219-242

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 219-242

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament

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RAMBI - רמב''י

54

Article

Eschatological universalism, the nations, and the Jewish apocalyptic Paul. (2021)

Stuckenbruck, Loren T. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 75-86

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 75-86

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Eschatology New Testament teaching ; Universalism In post-biblical literature ; Apocalyptic literature History and criticism

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Article

What eschatological pilgrimage of the gentiles?. (2021)

Novenson, Matthew V. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 61-73

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 61-73

Keywords: Paul, ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament Relation to the Bible ; Eschatology Biblical teaching

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Article

"Israēl" (and "Israēlitēs") in Paul, particularly in Galatians. (2021)

Bachmann, Michael 1946- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 121-148

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 121-148

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament

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Article

Paul the Hellenistic Jew : the contributions of Thomas H. Tobin, SJ, to New Testament scholarship. (2021)

Haddad, Najeeb T. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Biblical Research 66 (2021) 86-100

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ISSN: 0067-6535

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Biblical Research

Angaben zur Quelle: 66 (2021) 86-100

Keywords: Tobin, Thomas H., ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: This article describes the use of Greco-Roman and Hellenistic Jewish rhetoric and philosophy by Thomas H. Tobin, SJ, in his interpretation of the New Testament, in particular the letters of Paul. His approach highlights how Paul, as well as other NewTestament authors including the author of the Prologue of John, is part of the speculativetradition of Hellenistic Judaism. Paul is a recipient of such a tradition, as are otherHellenistic Jews like Philo. However, Tobin demonstrates how Paul not only appropriatesthis speculative tradition but transforms it in such a way that would have been consideredoffensive not only to Palestinian and Hellenistic Jews, but also to the larger Greco-Romanphilosophical traditions.

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Article

Philo, Herod, Paul, and the many gods of ancient Jewish "monotheism". (2021)

Fredriksen, Paula ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Harvard Theological Review 115,1 (2022) 23-45

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ISSN: 0017-8160

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Harvard Theological Review

Angaben zur Quelle: 115,1 (2022) 23-45

Keywords: Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; Herod ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Gods ; Monotheism in post-biblical literature

Abstract: Many gods lived in the Roman Empire. All ancient peoples, including Jews and, eventually, Christians, knew this to be the case. Exploring the ways that members of these groups thought about and dealt with other gods while remaining loyal to their own god, this essay focuses particularly on the writings and activities of three late Second Temple Jews who highly identified as Jews: Philo of Alexandria, Herod the Great, and the apostle Paul. Their loyalty to Israel’s god notwithstanding, they also acknowledged the presence, the agency, and the power of foreign deities. Reliance on “monotheism” as a term of historical description inhibits our appreciation of the many different social relationships, human and divine, that all ancient Jews had to navigate. Worse, “monotheism” fundamentally misdescribes the religious sensibility of antiquity.

DOI: 10.1017/S0017816022000049

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Was Paul championing a new freedom from - or end to - Jewish law?. (2021)

Rudolph, David ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Understanding the Jewish Roots of Christianity (2021) 33-50

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ISBN: 9781683594611

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Understanding the Jewish Roots of Christianity

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 33-50

Keywords: Paul, Political and social views ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Jewish law New Testament teaching

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Article

Paul, the perfectly righteous Pharisee. (2021)

Fredriksen, Paula ; פרדריקסן, פאולה 1951- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; [et al.]

In: The Pharisees (2021) 112-135

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ISBN: 9780802879295

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: The Pharisees

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 112-135

Keywords: Josephus, Flavius Criticism and interpretation ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Pharisees New Testament teaching

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Article

The making and unmaking of Jews in second century BCE narratives and the implication for interpreting Paul. (2021)

Dibley, Genevive ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Israel and the Nations (2021) 3-23

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ISBN: 9780567695994

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Israel and the Nations

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 3-23

Keywords: Paul, ; Jewish converts History ; Berit milah History ; Post-biblical literature History and criticism

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Article

Crucified for his own sins - crucified for our sins : observations on a Pauline perspective. (2021)

Borgen, Peder ; Philo of Alexandria. ; Jesus ; [et al.]

In: Illuminations by Philo of Alexandria (2021) 153-172

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ISBN: 9789004452763

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Illuminations by Philo of Alexandria

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 153-172

Keywords: Paul, ; Philo, ; Jesus Crucifixion ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Note: Appeared previously in "The New Testament and early Christian literature in Graeco-Roman context" (2006) 17-35.

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Article

L'apôtre Paul entre Abraham et Moïse : proximité et rivalité. (2021)

Klein, Rony ; Abraham;(Biblical patriarch) ; אברהם אבינו ; [et al.]

In: Sens; Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde aujourd'hui 73,3-4 (2021) 125-140

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ISSN: 0337-6222

Language: French

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Sens; Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde aujourd'hui

Angaben zur Quelle: 73,3-4 (2021) 125-140

Keywords: Paul, ; Moses ; Abraham ; Christianity and other religions Judaism

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The named Jew and the name of God : the argument of Romans 2:17-29 in light of Roman attitudes to Jewish teachers. (2021)

Windsor, Lionel J. 1974- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Novum Testamentum 63,2 (2021) 229-248

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ISSN: 0048-1009

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum

Angaben zur Quelle: 63,2 (2021) 229-248

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Learning Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Jews History Empire, 30 B.C.-284 A.D.

Abstract: A connection between Paul’s charges against his interlocutor in Rom 2:21–22 and Josephus’s account of a notorious Jewish teacher in Rome (A.J. 18.81–84) is a catalyst for re-examining the purpose, topic, and argument of Rom 2:17–29. The foreground issue is not the soteriological status of Jews, but the effectiveness of typical Jewish law-based teaching to solve human foolishness, wickedness, and impiety. Paul reframes the discourse topic to demonstrate that typical Jewish law-based educational activity is ineffective in bringing about God’s glory among the nations. The interlocutor is thus a foil for Paul’s own eschatologically conceived apostolic ministry.

DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341689

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Article

Regard de Paul sur Israël. (2021)

Lémonon, Jean-Pierre ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Sens; Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde aujourd'hui 73,3-4 (2021) 141-150

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ISSN: 0337-6222

Language: French

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Sens; Juifs et Chrétiens dans le monde aujourd'hui

Angaben zur Quelle: 73,3-4 (2021) 141-150

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Article

Judaism or Judaisms : the construction of ancient Judaism. (2021)

Schäfer, Peter ; Neusner, Jacob 1932-2016 ; Ньюснер, Джейкоб 1932-2016 ; [et al.]

In: Torah, Temple, Land (2021) 9-26

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ISBN: 9783161598531

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Torah, Temple, Land

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 9-26

Keywords: Josephus, Flavius Criticism and interpretation ; Neusner, Jacob, ; Judaism History To 70 A.D. ; Judaism Historiography ; Post-biblical literature History and criticism

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Article

Paul as persecutor and the history of Judaism. (2021)

Goodman, Martin ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Torah, Temple, Land (2021) 189-195

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ISBN: 9783161598531

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Torah, Temple, Land

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 189-195

Keywords: Paul, Political and social views ; Judaism History 10-425, Talmudic period

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Article

A Roman portrait of Abraham in Paul's and Philo's later exegesis. (2021)

Niehoff, Maren ; Philo of Alexandria ; פילון האלכסנדרוני ; [et al.]

In: Novum Testamentum 63,4 (2021) 452-476

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ISSN: 0048-1009

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum

Angaben zur Quelle: 63,4 (2021) 452-476

Keywords: Abraham In the New Testament ; Abraham In post-biblical literature ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Philo, ; Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Rome In post-biblical literature

Abstract: This article analyzes Bible exegesis as a key to understand the increasingly Roman orientation of Paul. Philo of Alexandria, Paul’s slightly older contemporary, is introduced as a point of comparison, as his move from the earlier Allegorical Commentary to the Life of Abraham clearly documents an intellectual journey towards Roman discourses, which is characteristic also of Paul. The argument is presented in three steps: initially the image of Abraham in Galatians is compared to that in Romans and the new discourse of exemplarity in the latter is highlighted. In the second section Philo’s image of Abraham is analyzed in its dramatic change from systematic Bible commentary to exemplary ethics. The third section deals with the Roman context. The latter is illuminated by looking at some passages in Philo’s later treatise Every Good Man is Free, which addresses Roman audiences on their own turf by discussing Greek and Roman heroes. It is shown that these Pagan portraits are animated by the same discourse of exemplarity as Philo’s and Paul’s Roman portrait of Abraham in their later exegesis. As the Pagan anecdotes have parallels in Roman literature, they provide a context for Paul’s and Philo’s exegesis in a Roman key.

DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341713

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Article

Conflicting intrapersonal powers in Paul's letters. (2021)

Schümann, Daniel ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: The Evil Inclination in Early Judaism and Christianity (2021) 126-142

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ISBN: 9781108470827

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: The Evil Inclination in Early Judaism and Christianity

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 126-142

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Yetzer hara (Judaism)

Abstract: Present-day attempts to examine the conceptual and theological similarities between the Pauline and rabbinic understandings of the origin of sin have revisited some of the major questions raised by Sandmel in his seminal work, “Parallelomania.” What is the relationship between the sources in question (i.e. the Pauline epistles and Tannaitic literature)? And what constitutes a parallel between these corpora? Referring to Kuhn, Sandmel argues that in terms of dependency and influence it may be appropriate only to speak of “Traditionszusammenhang,” that is, a common Jewish tradition shared by Paul and the rabbis.

DOI: 10.1017/9781108557153.008

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Perspectives for mission : Galatians 3:1-14 in context. (2021)

Borgen, Peder ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Illuminations by Philo of Alexandria (2021) 131-143

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ISBN: 9789004452763

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Illuminations by Philo of Alexandria

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 131-143

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Missions History Early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Note: Appeared previously in "The Church and Its Mission in the New Testament and Early Christianity" (2018) 181-192.

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Article

Remapping Paul within Jewish ideologies of inclusion. (2021)

Thiessen, Matthew ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paul and Matthew Among Jews and Gentiles (2021) 87-96

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ISBN: 9780567694089

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Paul and Matthew Among Jews and Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 87-96

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Gentiles in the New Testament ; Judaism Influence

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Article

Beyond universalism and particularism : rethinking Paul and Matthew on gentile inclusion. (2021)

Runesson, Anders ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paul and Matthew Among Jews and Gentiles (2021) 99-111

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ISBN: 9780567694089

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Paul and Matthew Among Jews and Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 99-111

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Gentiles in the New Testament ; Universalism New Testament teaching

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Article

"Ioudaismos and ioudaizō" in Paul and the Galatian controversy : an examination of supposed positions. (2021)

Arbiol, Carlos Gil ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Journal for the Study of the New Testament 44,2 (2021) 218-239

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ISSN: 0142-064X

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of the New Testament

Angaben zur Quelle: 44,2 (2021) 218-239

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews in the New Testament ; Judaism History To 70 A.D.

Abstract: The use of ἰουδαϊσμός in the literature of the Second Temple period until Paul’s time suggests a more specific meaning than Judaism in general and points to a perception of it under siege and in need of defence. Additionally, the verb ἰουδαΐζω describes the inclinations of non-Jews to the Jewish way of life. Both terms reflect two different ideas of Israel: one segregated from all other peoples, the other porous and more flexible. These ideas were at odds by the end of the Second Temple period and held by the groups of believers in Christ. Read in the foil of that conflict, the controversies that Paul faces in the letter to the Galatians show the continuity and discontinuity of his life after the revelation of the Son, and explain why he considered himself a faithful Judean but no longer ἐν τῷ Ἰουδαϊσμῷ.

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Article

A displaced Jew : the specific nature of Paul's earthly identity. (2021)

Vaage, Leif ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Paul and Matthew Among Jews and Gentiles (2021) 41-57

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ISBN: 9780567694089

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Paul and Matthew Among Jews and Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 41-57

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jews Identity ; New Testament teaching

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Article

Was Paul a Jew within Judaism? : The apostle to the gentiles and his communities in their historical context. (2021)

Schroeter, Jens;(Climatologist) ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Jews and Christians - Parting Ways in the First Two Centuries CE? Reflections on the Gains and Losses of a Model (2021) 89-119

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ISBN: 9783110742138

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Jews and Christians - Parting Ways in the First Two Centuries CE? Reflections on the Gains and Losses of a Model

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 89-119

Keywords: Paul, Political and social views ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Jewish law New Testament teaching

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76

Article

Paul and Isaiah’s servants in 2 Corinthians. (2021)

Gignilliat, Mark S. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Isaiah's Servants in Early Judaism and Christianity (2021) 243-253

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ISBN: 9783161550423

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Isaiah's Servants in Early Judaism and Christianity

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 243-253

Keywords: Paul, ; Bible. Appreciation ; New Testament. Relation to Isaiah ; Servant of Jehovah New Testament teaching

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Article

Deeds, reward, and divine mercy : Jewish views and Pauline passages. (2021)

Kister, Menahem ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 52,4-5 (2021) 557-600

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ISSN: 0047-2212

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period

Angaben zur Quelle: 52,4-5 (2021) 557-600

Keywords: Paul, ; Apocalypse of Ezra Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament Comparative studies ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; God Mercy ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: The present article deals with a strand of ancient Jewish theological notions (in rabbinic literature, Fourth Ezra, and elsewhere) and Pauline ones. In these Jewish passages—sharing similar religious sensitivities and using similar terminology—human works stand vis-à-vis God’s mercy and his benevolence (צדקה). In some passages these categories turn out to be in tension in view of human sinfulness, since no human being can comply with the rigid standards of observing God’s commandments, resulting in the emphasis of divine mercy. Paul’s view, according to which “works (of the law)” and “grace” are mutually exclusive, is a radical intensification of this tension. Paul’s distinct ideas display the inherent dynamics of contemporary Jewish notions and reveal the inner tension within Jewish thought of the late Second Temple period, a tension that continued in Jewish writings (including rabbinic literature) after the Second Temple’s destruction.

DOI: 10.1163/15700631-12511312

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Paul and the heart of Christian antisemitism. (2021)

Verman, Mark 1949- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: CCAR Journal; a Reform Jewish Quarterly 68,2 (2021) 258-296

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ISSN: 0149-712X

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: CCAR Journal; a Reform Jewish Quarterly

Angaben zur Quelle: 68,2 (2021) 258-296

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Relation to the Bible ; Antisemitism New Testament teaching ; Antisemitism History ; Christianity and other religions Judaism 1st century ; History ; Christianity and antisemitism ; Heart Biblical teaching

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Article

Paul without Judaism : historical method over perspective. (2021)

Mason, Steve 1957- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paul and Matthew among Jews and Gentiles (2021) 9-39

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ISBN: 9780567694089

Language: English

Year of publication: 2021

Titel der Quelle: Paul and Matthew among Jews and Gentiles

Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 9-39

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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A comparative handbook to the gospels of Matthew and Luke : comparisons with pseudepigrapha, the Qumran scrolls, and Rabbinic literature (2021)

Chilton, Bruce [VerfasserIn] 1949- ; Avery-Peck, Alan J. [VerfasserIn] ; Bock, Darrell L. [VerfasserIn] ; [et al.]

Leiden : Brill

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ISBN: 9789004459878

Language: English

Pages: 1 Online-Ressource (VIII, 948 Seiten)

Year of publication: 2021

Series Statement: The New Testament gospels in their Judaic contexts volume 2

Parallel Title: Erscheint auch als Chilton, Bruce, 1949 - A comparative handbook to the gospels of Matthew and Luke

Keywords: Bible Comparative studies ; Bible Comparative studies ; Dead Sea scrolls ; Rabbinical literature ; Apocryphal books Criticism, interpretation, etc ; Rabbinical literature History and criticism ; Bibel Matthäusevangelium ; Bibel Lukasevangelium ; Beziehung ; Bibel Altes Testament ; Apokryphen ; Dead Sea scrolls ; Rabbinische Literatur ; Bibel Matthäusevangelium ; Bibel Lukasevangelium ; Beziehung ; Bibel Altes Testament ; Apokryphen ; Dead Sea scrolls ; Rabbinische Literatur

Abstract: This Handbook provides any commentator - whose purposes might include writing a consecutive treatment of a Gospel, or engaging with episodic themes or passages, or preparing a particular section of the Gospel for study, teaching, or preaching - with resources from the Gospels' Judaic environment that appear useful for understanding the texts themselves. Translation, presentation, comparison with Judaica, and occasional comments are all designed with that end in view. Materials are included from the Pseudepigrapha (together with Philo and Josephus), discoveries related to Qumran, and Rabbinic Literature (inclusive of the Targumim). As in a previous volume that dealt with Mark's Gospel, this Comparative Handbook targets the issue of comparison more than analysis or commentary

Note: Includes bibliographical references and index , Preliminary Material / , Copyright Page / , Preface / , Introductions / , The Comparison / , Indexes /

DOI: 10.1163/9789004459878

URL: DOI

URL: lizenzpflichtig

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Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin

Potsdam University

Fulltext

81

Article

Leviticus 19,18 : the text and some stations in the history of its reception. (2020)

Wischmeyer, Oda ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Cristianesimo nella Storia 41,2 (2020) 553-569

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ISSN: 0393-3598

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Cristianesimo nella Storia

Angaben zur Quelle: 41,2 (2020) 553-569

Keywords: Paul, ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Authorship ; Bible. Appreciation ; Brotherliness Biblical teaching ; Brotherliness Religious aspects ; Christianity ; Jewish law Biblical teaching

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82

Article

Über Judentum und Hellenismus hinaus : Die paulinische Theologie als neues Wissenssystem. (2020)

Schnelle, Udo ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft 111,1 (2020) 124-155

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ISSN: 0044-2615

Language: German

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Zeitschrift für die Neutestamentliche Wissenschaft

Angaben zur Quelle: 111,1 (2020) 124-155

Keywords: Paul, Relations with Jews ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: The new Paul within Judaism Perspective claims that Paul remained a Jew and loyal to the Torah throughout his entire life. His letters were addressed exclusively to Gentile Christians. However, all the Pauline letters do not give the impression that their contents only applied to certain groups within the different congregations. Without a doubt, Paul remained closely tied to Judaism throughout his life, but numerous texts document a break with the past and a departure towards something new. In addition, the Paul within Judaism Perspective ignores the theological standpoint and the organizational efforts required by the emerging group of Christians to establish themselves as a religious community. Any group who decides to set up its own meeting places, give itself a new name, develop new rituals and laws, organize its own communal meals, determine a new holy day and celebrate its own worship services based on a new and unique group image cannot be seen as part of another religious group. Ultimately, a new, impressive theological world comes to light, expressed in its own original style and with an extraordinary literary production. Neither the Jews, nor the strict Jewish Christians, nor the Romans of the time perceived the apostle Paul as someone who continued to consider himself and his congregations to be within the framework of Judaism.

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83

Article

Adam's sin and the origin of death : Paul’s argument in Rom 5:12–14 in the light of Jewish texts from the Second Temple period. (2020)

Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit (2022) 297-325

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ISBN: 9783161610998

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit

Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 297-325

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Post-biblical literature Relation to the New Testament ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Note: Appeared previously in "Studies in Philo in honor of Gregory Sterling" (2020) 205-225.

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Article

Paul's inclusive Christianity as a means against xenophobic, anti-Semitic and anti-immigrant ideologies in the 21st century. (2020)

Mahali, Faustin Leonard ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Christian Zionism in Africa (2020) 131-141

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ISBN: 9781978711730

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Christian Zionism in Africa

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 131-141

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Christianity and antisemitism ; Xenophobia Religious aspects ; Christianity ; Hate Religious aspects ; Christianity

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85

Article

Early Judaism and early Christianity. (2020)

Doering, Lutz 1966- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters (2020) 541-565

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ISBN: 9780884144816

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Early Judaism and Its Modern Interpreters

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 541-565

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Judaism History To 70 A.D. ; Judaism History Talmudic period, 10-425 ; Post-biblical literature History and criticism

DOI: 10.2307/j.ctv1bd4n9z.28

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Article

Contextualizing Paul's "works of the Law" : 4QMMT in New Testament scholarship. (2020)

Frey, Jörg ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Interpreting and Living God's Law at Qumran (2020) 199-216

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ISBN: 9783161553059

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Interpreting and Living God's Law at Qumran

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 199-216

Keywords: Paul, ; Dead Sea scrolls Relation to the New Testament ; Miktsat ma'ase ha-Torah Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Jewish law New Testament teaching

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87

Article

Die Autorität der Schrift bei Paulus. (2020)

Meiser, Martin ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Authoritative Writings in Early Judaism and Early Christianity; Their Origin, Collection, and Meaning (2020) 165-188

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ISBN: 9783161560941

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Authoritative Writings in Early Judaism and Early Christianity; Their Origin, Collection, and Meaning

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 165-188

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Evidences, authority, etc. ; History of doctrines ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible

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88

Article

A Jewish view of Paul. (2020)

Garroway, Joshua D. ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: Understanding Covenants and Communities (2020) 71-87

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ISBN: 9781944394967

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Understanding Covenants and Communities

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 71-87

Keywords: Paul, Jewish interpretations ; Judaism Relations ; Christianity

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89

Article

Paul and Philo on the Psalms : towards a spiritual notion of Scripture. (2020)

Niehoff, Maren ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Novum Testamentum 62,4 (2020) 392-415

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ISSN: 0048-1009

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Novum Testamentum

Angaben zur Quelle: 62,4 (2020) 392-415

Keywords: Philo, Appreciation ; Paul, ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Christian Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish Post-exilic period, 586 B.C.-210 A.D. ; History

Abstract: Philo of Alexandria shares Paul’s Jewish Diaspora background and his use of the LXX. He also addressed Roman audiences just a decade or two before Paul wrote his Letter to the Romans. He thus enables us to analyze Paul’s approach to Psalms from a rigorous historical perspective, which highlights both their phenomenological similarities and Paul’s innovations on the path to develop a spiritual notion of Scripture.

DOI: 10.1163/15685365-12341674

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90

Article

Paul and the Torah : framing the question Christianly. (2020)

Macaskill, Grant ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Identity of Israel's God in Christian Scripture (2020) 323-338

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ISBN: 9780884144694

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: The Identity of Israel's God in Christian Scripture

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 323-338

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Relation to the Pentateuch

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Article

Forgetting an epic battle - did the early Church understand the debate between Paul and his Judaistic opponents? : Preliminary notes on the role of the Torah in the early Church. (2020)

Koskenniemi, Erkki ; Justin Martyr, Saint ; יוסטינוס מרטיר ; [et al.]

In: The Challenge of the Mosaic Torah in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (2020) 141-168

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ISBN: 9789004441897

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: The Challenge of the Mosaic Torah in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 141-168

Keywords: Paul, ; Marcion, ; Clement, ; Justin, ; Apostolic Fathers ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: The Apostle to the Gentiles left a winning but nonetheless difficult tradition behind. Paul taught that the Gentiles were not required to observe the Torah, but what exactly did that mean? If scholars disagree on Paul’s own view, the problem becomes even more acute when the various Jewish traditions on the Torah are observed properly. The “Old Testament” was accepted after Paul, but most of the rulings of the Torah were rejected, and few if any of the teachers could state the reasons for this. The original context, in which Paul and the other Apostles shook hands, was no longer understood once the Gentile part of the Church outnumbered the Jewish counterpart. This led writers to different, partly creative, solutions, and sometimes into a confusion which their first audience themselves could hardly understand.

DOI: 10.1163/9789004441996_008

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Article

"Circumcision of the heart" in Paul : from a metaphor of Torah obedience to a metaphor of Torah polemics?. (2020)

Baltes, Guido 1968- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Challenge of the Mosaic Torah in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam (2020) 88-112

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ISBN: 9789004441897

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: The Challenge of the Mosaic Torah in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 88-112

Keywords: Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible ; Jewish law New Testament teaching ; Circumcision Religious aspects ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

Abstract: It has often been claimed that a major difference between “Jewish Christianity” and “Pauline Christianity” was the continuation or discontinuation of male genital circumcision. Evidence for the abandonment of physical circumcision within “Pauline” circles has been drawn from Paul’s opposition against gentile circumcision in the letters to the Galatians and Corinthians, as well from his imagery of “circumcision of the heart” in Romans 2. However, a closer examination of the metaphor of “circumcision of the heart” and other images of “inward circumcision” in biblical, early Jewish and post-Pauline Christian texts shows that the Pauline use of the image stands closer to the early Jewish understanding, in which “inward” and “outward” circumcision complement each other, than to later Christian readings, in which the “inward” circumcision replaces or denigrates the “outward”. The Pauline metaphor of “heart circumcision” is therefore not an image of Tora abandonment, but rather of Tora obedience and can be placed well within the possible spectrum of other contemporary Jewish understandings of the metaphor.

DOI: 10.1163/9789004441996_006

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93

Article

Notes on the historical Paul and his intellectual activity. (2020)

Rollens, Sarah ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Ancient Jew Review (2020)

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ISSN: 2769-4860

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Ancient Jew Review

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020)

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Eretz Israel History To 70 A.D.

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94

Article

The origins of oral Torah : a new Pauline perspective. (2020)

Fisch, Yael ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 51,1 (2020) 43-66

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ISSN: 0047-2212

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period

Angaben zur Quelle: 51,1 (2020) 43-66

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Judaism History 10-425, Talmudic period ; Pharisees

Abstract: This article proposes to rethink the genealogy and origin of the rabbinical terms Oral Torah and Written Torah. The terms appear for the first time in Tannaitic literature, yet scholars have attempted to ascribe to them an earlier date and to present them as a Second Temple, specifically Pharisaic, distinction. This article problematizes the existing genealogies and considers neglected evidence found in Paul’s Letter to the Romans that advances our understanding of the Oral Torah/Written Torah distinction in the first century CE. According to my rereading of Rom 10:5-13 and 3:19-31, Paul has a notion of double-nomos within scripture, and his twofold torah is presented as oral and written. Apart from rabbinic literature, it is only in Paul that we find the use of an Oral Torah/Written Torah distinction. This evidence affects both how the history of the rabbinic terms is understood and how Paul is configured in his Jewish matrix.

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95

Article

Adjusted to the argument : tracing Paul's motives for modifying the wording of scriptural quotations. (2020)

Kujanpää, Katja ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: From Scribal Error to Rewriting; How Ancient Texts Could and Could Not Be Changed (2020) 201-219

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ISBN: 9783525522097

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: From Scribal Error to Rewriting; How Ancient Texts Could and Could Not Be Changed

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 201-219

Keywords: Paul, ; Bible Quotations in the New Testament ; New Testament. Relation to the Bible

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Article

Das Eifern des Paulus und Prozesse der Deradikalisierung und Entfanatisierung : exegetische und bibeldidaktische Notizen. (2020)

Woyke, Johannes 1968- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: Eifer Gottes - Eifern für Gott (2020) 271-317

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ISBN: 9783788734442

Language: German

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: Eifer Gottes - Eifern für Gott

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 271-317

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; New Testament Relation to the Bible ; Greek language, Biblical Terms and phrases ; God Jealousy ; Psychology and religion ; Philosophy and religion ; Religious fundamentalism

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Article

To save whom they can : another look at Philo and missionary deceit. (2020)

MacDonald, A. D. ; Philo of Alexandria. ; Philo of Alexandria ; [et al.]

In: New Testament Studies 66,4 (2020) 554-564

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ISSN: 0028-6885

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: New Testament Studies

Angaben zur Quelle: 66,4 (2020) 554-564

Keywords: Paul, ; Philo, Criticism and interpretation ; Philo, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Post-biblical literature Relation to the New Testament ; Missionaries

Abstract: Henry Chadwick proposed in the 1960s that Philo's Questions and Answers in Genesis 4.69 is important for understanding Paul's mission strategy in 1 Cor 9. In 2011 David J. Rudolph revisited that ‘missionary-apologetic’ reading of QG 4.69 in a discussion of Paul's observance of the Torah but refrained from drawing firm conclusions. This article subjects the missionary-apologetic hypothesis to closer scrutiny, especially regarding its plausibility as a reading of Philo. It argues that Chadwick's hypothesis lacks both evidence and explanatory power. QG 4.69, therefore, contributes little to our understanding of 1 Cor 9 and of Paul's missionary strategy and Torah observance.

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Article

Trouble in Galatia : what should be cut? (On Gal 5:12). (2020)

Ehrensperger, Kathy 1956- ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; Павел;апостол ; [et al.]

In: The Message of Paul the Apostle within Second Temple Judaism (2020) 179-194

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ISBN: 9781978706125

Language: German

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: The Message of Paul the Apostle within Second Temple Judaism

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 179-194

Keywords: Paul, ; New Testament. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Church history Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600 ; Christianity and other religions Judaism Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History

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Article

Jesus, Paul, and the Pharisees : observations on their commonalities and their understanding of Torah. (2020)

Niebuhr, Karl-Wilhelm ; Paul the Apostle, Saint ; פאולוס השליח ; [et al.]

In: The Message of Paul the Apostle within Second Temple Judaism (2020) 109-141

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ISBN: 9781978706125

Language: German

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: The Message of Paul the Apostle within Second Temple Judaism

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 109-141

Keywords: Jesus ; Paul, Criticism and interpretation ; Bible. History ; Pharisees New Testament teaching ; Jewish law New Testament teaching

Note: Appeared also in his collected articles "Paulus im Judentum seiner Zeit" (2022) 173-200.

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100

Article

Scripture in Augustine's early anti-Manichaean treatises. (2020)

BeDuhn, Jason ; Augustine of Hippo, Saint 354-430 ; אוגוסטינוס 354-430 ; [et al.]

In: The Bible in Christian North Africa I (2020) 266-288

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ISBN: 9781614517566

Language: English

Year of publication: 2020

Titel der Quelle: The Bible in Christian North Africa I

Angaben zur Quelle: (2020) 266-288

Keywords: Paul, ; Augustine, Criticism and interpretation ; Bible Criticism, interpretation, etc., Christian Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; New Testament Criticism, interpretation, etc. Early church, ca. 30-600 ; History ; Manichaeism ; Christianity

DOI: 10.1515/9781614516491-012

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