Language:
German
Year of publication:
2010
Titel der Quelle:
Kwartalnik Historii Żydów
Angaben zur Quelle:
236 (2010) 425-448
Keywords:
Többens, Walther
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
World War, 1939-1945 Conscript labor
;
Forced labor
;
Nazi concentration camps
;
Jews
;
Poniatowa (Poland)
Abstract:
In 1942 a German labor camp was established in Poniatowa, Lublin district. In the early stages, Jews from the ghettos in Opole Lubelskie and Bełżyce were brought to the camp. Some of them were from Slovakia or Austria, and had been deported in 1941. In early 1943, Walther Többens, a Nazi entrepreneur, moved his textile shops from the Warsaw ghetto to Poniatowa, with some 9,000 Jewish workers, among them actors, musicians, doctors, political leaders, and Judenrat members. In summer 1943, the inmates were divided into two groups following a conflict between the camp's new commander and the owner of the plant. Ca. 10,000 Jews worked at Többens' factory, the rest at an establishment run by the SS. In November 1943, most of the Jewish inmates were killed in the operation called "Erntefest". The death toll was ca. 14,800 adults and 800 children, with only ten-odd Jews surviving. After the mass execution Többens moved his Poniatowa factory elsewhere. He was compensated by the SS for the losses caused by the murder of the Jewish workers.
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