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  • 1
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 1992
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch für Antisemitismusforschung
    Angaben zur Quelle: 1 (1992) 307-341
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: After the application of the Nuremberg Laws, needy Jews were no longer entitled to benefit from the general compulsory charity established in Germany for relief in cold weather. Consequently, Jewish communities all over Germany founded a similar social society, based exclusively on Jewish charity. Though this institution was autonomous until 1938, the Nazi authorities decided in July 1938 to supervise its accounts. When, in October 1938, many Polish Jews were deported, and during the "Kristallnacht" pogrom Jewish businesses were demolished, and many wealthy Jews had emigrated, Jewish social aid encountered great difficulties. Explains and comments on four documents (given on pp. 322-341) - the annual reports from the Jewish compulsory charity association to the Nazi authorities.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich (1992) 131-159
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 1992
    Titel der Quelle: Die Deutschen und die Judenverfolgung im Dritten Reich
    Angaben zur Quelle: (1992) 131-159
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jews History 1933-1945 ; Germans Attitudes 1933-1945 ; History ; Labor camps History ; World War, 1939-1945 Conscript labor
    Abstract: The labor camps for Jews were set up in Germany in 1938-39 out of pragmatic considerations: after the massive emigration and dismissals of Jews from their jobs, many Jews were living on welfare; there was a demand for laborers in various emergency work places; and the Gestapo was eager to exploit Jewish manpower in the retraining camps operated by the Jewish Reichsvertretung. In the first stage, the regime was relatively lenient. Later, in 1940-41, the confinement of Jews in barracks camps became an expression of the regime’s escalating policy of persecution, and preparation for deportation to the East. The camp regimes grew harsher, resembling, in 1941, that of the concentration camps. The labor camps could not have gone unnoticed by the non-Jewish population, which was either connected with them or affected by their presence in numerous ways.
    Note: In English and in Hebrew: "Yad Vashem Studies" 24 (1994). , Record created automatically from multi-article record # 000110791
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  • 3
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: Arbeitsmarkt und Sondererlass
    Angaben zur Quelle: (1990) 137-155
    Keywords: Jews History 1933-1939 ; World War, 1939-1945 Conscript labor ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
    Abstract: After Nazi measures had led to the impoverishment and unemployment of a growing number of German Jews, the Reich Employment Agency (Reichsanstalt für Arbeitsvermittlung) in October 1938 issued directives that these Jews, who would otherwise be dependent on unemployment insurance or welfare, should be sent in closed groups, segregated from Aryan workers, for physical labor in public works as well as private industry. In 1939, police medical examiners were instructed not to exempt the old or infirm. Reluctant employers were motivated to employ Jewish labor by pressure from the Employment Agency as well as party officials, by the low cost of this labor, and by the growing manpower needs of the war economy.
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