Language:
English
Year of publication:
2011
Titel der Quelle:
Polin; Studies in Polish Jewry
Angaben zur Quelle:
23 (2011) 437-463
Keywords:
World War, 1939-1945 Conscript labor
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
Jewish ghettos
;
Nazi concentration camps
;
Jews
;
Jewish councils
Abstract:
In the ghetto of Kielce, established by the Nazis in March-April 1941, there were ca. 27,000 Jewish internees, mostly local, but also some resettled from other areas. In August 1942 most of them were deported to Treblinka and murdered; only ca. 2,000 remained, interned in a small part of the ghetto. This number was reduced even more in two Nazi murder actions on a smaller scale; the rest of the internees were scattered among different labor camps. Dwells on the story of the Jewish forced workers who were engaged at labor camps in Kielce itself: those of Ludwików (Ludwigshütte), Henryków, and Hasag Granat. Describes the conditions in the camps and the character of the labor. Notes that the working and living conditions for Jewish prisoners in the Radom district, and in particular in the Kielce camps, depended greatly on the attitudes and behavior of Jewish elders. The latter could protect the workers, as they did in Ludwigshütte and Hasag Granat, but could also collaborate with the Germans, as did the sadistic Jewish elder Gustav Spiegel in Henryków.
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