Language:
German
Year of publication:
2017
Titel der Quelle:
Einsicht; Bulletin des Fritz Bauer Instituts
Angaben zur Quelle:
17 (2017) 12-20
Keywords:
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
;
World War, 1939-1945 Deportations from Germany
;
Jewish refugees
Abstract:
Discusses conditions for Jews in hiding, mainly in Berlin and München. Of the 10,000-15,000 Jews who went into hiding in Germany, 5,000-7,000 did so in Berlin. Both there and in München, most of those who went underground were over 40 and female. Younger Jews, especially men, chose emigration, and younger families were deported together. In München, fugitive Jews were mainly helped by close friends or life partners; in Berlin, Jews often found refuge with strangers, especially during the Fabrikaktion in February-March 1943. At that time, the significance of "evacuation to the East" was widely known, and many of the 33,000 Jews still living in Berlin fled. Since the Jews there had not been forced into Jewish houses, they came into frequent contact with non-Jews, who witnessed their suffering. In Berlin, rescue networks had both local and national scopes. München, on the other hand, being an unfavorable place to hide, saw its fugitive Jews leave for other places, mainly Berlin and the countryside in Upper or Lower Bavaria. In Berlin, Jews were not only helped but also eagerly searched for, and they often had to pay dearly for aid. There, as well as elsewhere in Germany, Jews in hiding were subject to exploitation, deception, and denunciation. Emphasizes the great number of non-Jews involved in the complex process of hiding Jews, and how many "unsung heroes" there were among them.
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