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  • Supraregional  (35)
  • English  (35)
  • 2015-2019  (35)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 17 (2018) 35-56
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (2018) 35-56
    Keywords: Immigrants Psychology ; Jews, East European History 1918-1939 ; Memory Social aspects
    Abstract: This article examines the memory practices of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe in America in the period between World War I and World War II, specifically the forms in which they remembered their former homelands in Eastern Europe. Through the lens of Jewish hometown associations, socalled landsmanshaftn, this study shows that American Jewish memory operated in distinct modalities, namely nostalgia, trauma, and invention. The idea of loss that shaped nostalgic and traumatic forms of memory resulted from a sense of uprootedness due to the migration experience, an increasing cultural alienation from Eastern Europe as a Jewish homeland, and the disruptive blows of World War I and the pogroms in its aftermath. As the study argues, American Jews in the interwar period created the foundations for a memory that we usually associate with Holocaust memory. This form of diasporic memory stood in a dialectic relationship with the idea of invention, which symbolized the productive encounter of imagination and reality of Eastern Europe as homeland. It is this dialectic between loss and invention that shaped American Jewish collective memory and identity in the interwar period. Eastern Europe, as a result, became both a place of Jewish life and death.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Interpreting Primo Levi (2016) 21-35
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 21-35
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Philosophy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Moral and ethical aspects
    Abstract: Primo Levi’s exact motives for writing his essay “The Grey Zone” (“La zona grigia,” 1986) are unknown. Although Levi gives us some indications as to his motivation when he writes “from many signs, it would seem that the time has come to explore the space which separates (and not only in the Nazi Lagers) the victims from the perpetrators, and to do so with a lighter hand, and with a less turbid spirit than has been done, for instance, in a number of films,”1 it is ultimately left up to Levi’s readers to examine his writings and to make a sensitive judgment as to the genesis of his concept of the “gray zone.” Following this method it becomes clear that Levi was uncomfortable with the reductiveness of the terms “good” and “evil.” It is true that Levi never rejected the absolute positions of good and evil and in fact makes use of them in recalling “the evil and insane SS men”2 or when describing the Italian laborer Lorenzo as a man with a “natural and plain manner of being good :”3 So to say that for Levi the notions of good and evil were reductive is not to say that they were redundant. What seems to have been dissatisfying for Levi was that the moral concepts of good and evil constituted the total linguistics and theoretical framework available for understanding the moral lives of the victims of Nazi rule.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 115-127
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Italian fiction Jewish authors ; History and criticism ; Smell in literature ; Smell Psychological aspects ; Memory in literature
    Abstract: Smell is a primary and primitive sense; it is our “chemical” sense, as the French geographer Jean-François Staszak states.1 The sense of smell begins with the contact between a molecule and a cell. The stimulus (a set of odorant molecules) is processed by the brain together with other information, both contextual (visual, tactile, and olfactory) and emotional.2 The brain, as the anthropologist Joël Candau explains, identifies, names and categorizes these pieces of information, creating an olfactory image.3 In this complex process, the data that an individual has stored during a lifetime produces olfactory traces. The social and cultural environment and the biography of the individual determine what these traces are. At the end of this “operation,” according to Candau, the stimulus “is codified in the long-term memory in the form of a new olfactory trace.”4 Therefore, individuals carry their own personal, subjective, and intimate olfactory cultures and memories. Two different persons can smell the same odor, but each one memorizes and collects different traces.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 17 (2018) 447-472
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (2018) 447-472
    Keywords: Steinitz, Heinz Archives ; Archives Collection management ; Zoology Archival resources ; Zoologists
    Abstract: The archive of Heinz Steinitz (1909-1971) provides a rare insight into the early days of zoology and marine biology in Israel. At the same time, it is the multilingual archive of a German-Jewish immigrant that reflects the linguis- tic changes not only he himself experienced, but that were taking place in Israel and the scientific world at large. Through his correspondence, one can trace a network that also included German scientists after 1945. This article seeks to unravel Steinitz' translated life in its linguistic, relational, and col- laborative forms from the perspective of both a researcher and an archivist, taking into account the cataloguing process itself.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 51-63
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Study and teaching ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism
    Abstract: In the winter of 2011, I took a graduate seminar on Holocaust Life Writing. In this particular course, “Life Writing” was defined (and problematized) as autobiography, memoir, and letters. Primo Levi’s The Drowned and the Saved was our last text. During our first week of discussions of Levi, a student rejected the text. I remember feeling uneasy—everyone stopped talking and sat in silence—not a productive, contemplative silence, rather a deeply terrified silence. The student expressed hatred, overtly saying: “I hate him!” Our classroom discussion halted abruptly. Then, suddenly, students tried to intervene; without listening, they policed the space, now turned unsafe. They attacked the student, attacked the professor for not diffusing the “hate” comment. In the midst of this emotional outburst, I kept wondering whether the student hated the text, hated Levi, or both. What exactly was at stake in this expression of hatred? More importantly, what did it mean to hate a Holocaust survivor, someone who had survived extreme and overt forms of hatred: deportation, dehumanization, torture, and genocide? We never really asked the student to explain the expression of hatred toward Levi. The topic was left and never brought up again, never worked-through. We continued attending class with an incredible silence between us, a divisive energy that seemed irreconcilable. Our class discussions skirted around the articulation of hatred but never addressed what it meant directly.
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Interpreting Primo Levi (2016) 83-96
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 83-96
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Moral and ethical aspects ; Animal experimentation Moral and ethical aspects
    Abstract: Scholars have often considered Primo Levi’s essay “Contro il dolore” (“Against Pain,” 1977) the principal point of entry into his inclusive ethics, capable of taking into account the suffering of each living creature, human and nonhuman animals alike. Ilona Klein, for instance, reads this essay as the expression of a possibly conciliatory position in one of the most controversial debates of the last decades, namely the comparison between the suffering of Jews during the Second World War and the suffering of animals in our time. According to Klein, “Contro il dolore” is in fact the clearest manifestation of a general approach to nonhuman animal life based on respect and compassion, which seems to stem “from Levi’s first-hand experience as a slave prisoner in Auschwitz.”
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 129-145
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust survivors' writings ; Nazi concentration camps in literature ; Space and time in literature
    Abstract: “I’ve always thought that bridges are the most beautiful work there is,” remarks Tino Faussone in Primo Levi’s 1978 book The Wrench (La chiave a stella).1 Levi’s rigger-protagonist appreciates bridges because “they’ll never do anybody harm; in fact, they do good, because roads pass over bridges, and without roads we would still be like savages. In other words, bridges are sort of the opposite of boundaries, and boundaries are where wars start.”2 The nomadic Faussone enjoys seeing the world while “going from one construction site to another,” appreciating the diversity of the planet: “the world is beautiful because it’s all different .”3 Typically working at interstitial places such as shorelines, riverbanks, or on an offshore oil rig that is “like an island, but … an island we had made,” Faussone is a “Homo faber” who finds meaning in work performed well. The rigger’s wrench is, for Faussone, also a key to the stars whose dust he finds on top of the tall constructions he has helped to erect.4 A celebration of the “freedom” attainable from “being good at your job and therefore taking pleasure in doing it,” Faussone demonstrates Levi’s argument that freedom means “not having to work under a boss.”5
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Interpreting Primo Levi (2016) 97-112
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 97-112
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Jewish scientists ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Literature and science
    Abstract: Primo Levi was not only a Holocaust survivor and witness, he was also an industrial chemist by trade and a lifelong apologist for science as a vital part of an integrated culture. Yet, though few scholars or critics fail to mention that he was a chemist, or to add that his profession helped to save his life in Auschwitz, Levi the scientist and advocate of science remains a surprisingly neglected subject, especially when we consider that it was the publication in 1984 of the English translation of The Periodic Table that first established him as an internationally significant writer. In part, this neglect is due to that very lack of comprehension between the humanities and the sciences (sadly, often more evident on the humanities side) which Levi attempted to overcome. For example, Nicholas Patruno, keenly concerned with the history of the Jews, reads the whole of the “Carbon” chapter of The Periodic Table as an extended metaphor on that theme, making the unexamined assumption that Levi cannot really be writing about organic chemistry, a subject in which Patruno himself clearly sees little intrinsic interest:Levi speaks of the “atom,” which, inserted as part of an architectural structure, is “subjected to complicated exchanges and balances”. By this he seems to mean the Jews and their history. … Levi’s description of how carbon is involved in the creation of wine and how it is stored in the human liver to be activated in exacerbated circumstances refers to how the Jews were destined to be abused and, in a sense, kept in reserve for those moments in history when the world needed to lash out at a scapegoat.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 7-20
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Améry, Jean Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature ; Holocaust survivors Psychology
    Abstract: Primo Levi was the twentieth century’s preeminent witness—preeminent both in general and, more specifically, among the voices that sought to draw attention to the shape of its central disfiguring tragedy. Levi attained this position because, as Philip Roth wrote of him shortly after his death, he had “the moral stamina and intellectual poise of a twentieth century Titan:”1 Levi’s name will forever be associated with Auschwitz, where he was imprisoned between February 1944 and January 1945. Indeed, he himself later said that but for his time there he would probably not have become a writer.2 I find this hard to credit in view of his exceptional wisdom about life and the world even as early as his mid-20s, when he composed his memoir of Auschwitz, If This Is a Man.3
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  • 10
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 67-81
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Philosophy ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Moral and ethical aspects
    Abstract: Since at least Socrates, reflection on human mortality has been central in philosophy. It has been taken as virtually axiomatic that death is the worst that can befall us and that if we are not to die ignominiously we must prepare ourselves for death. Hence it is that philosophy has long seen itself as telling us that we should seek to develop the kind of attitude toward death that allows us to do that. Indeed, philosophy has often seen itself as a form of this preparation: the act of philosophizing, so the thought goes, is itself a kind of dying, since it involves a withdrawal of the thinking self from world and body, and thus mirrors or models death in some way. At another level, philosophy might help with preparing us for death by offering concrete suggestions for thinking about it less fearfully. Socrates, Plato, Seneca, Lucretius, Montaigne, Spinoza, Heidegger, and countless others repeat this sense of the relation between philosophy and death, inflected in numerous different forms and styles.
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