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  • Article  (921)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 17 (2018) 35-56
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (2018) 35-56
    Keywords: Immigrants Psychology ; Jews, East European History 1918-1939 ; Memory Social aspects
    Abstract: This article examines the memory practices of Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe in America in the period between World War I and World War II, specifically the forms in which they remembered their former homelands in Eastern Europe. Through the lens of Jewish hometown associations, socalled landsmanshaftn, this study shows that American Jewish memory operated in distinct modalities, namely nostalgia, trauma, and invention. The idea of loss that shaped nostalgic and traumatic forms of memory resulted from a sense of uprootedness due to the migration experience, an increasing cultural alienation from Eastern Europe as a Jewish homeland, and the disruptive blows of World War I and the pogroms in its aftermath. As the study argues, American Jews in the interwar period created the foundations for a memory that we usually associate with Holocaust memory. This form of diasporic memory stood in a dialectic relationship with the idea of invention, which symbolized the productive encounter of imagination and reality of Eastern Europe as homeland. It is this dialectic between loss and invention that shaped American Jewish collective memory and identity in the interwar period. Eastern Europe, as a result, became both a place of Jewish life and death.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts 17 (2018) 447-472
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (2018) 447-472
    Keywords: Steinitz, Heinz Archives ; Archives Collection management ; Zoology Archival resources ; Zoologists
    Abstract: The archive of Heinz Steinitz (1909-1971) provides a rare insight into the early days of zoology and marine biology in Israel. At the same time, it is the multilingual archive of a German-Jewish immigrant that reflects the linguis- tic changes not only he himself experienced, but that were taking place in Israel and the scientific world at large. Through his correspondence, one can trace a network that also included German scientists after 1945. This article seeks to unravel Steinitz' translated life in its linguistic, relational, and col- laborative forms from the perspective of both a researcher and an archivist, taking into account the cataloguing process itself.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (2018) 473-496
    Keywords: Steinitz, Heinz ; ha-Makhon ha-ben-universiṭaʼi be-Elat. History ; Marine biology ; Zoologists Biography ; Science and state
    Abstract: When Walter Steinitz (1882–1963) proposed the establishment of a marine research station to explore the unique geographic and biological conditions of the Red Sea at the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba in Germany in 1919, he could not have predicted how the new political situation both in Germany and in Mandatory Palestine would later affect these efforts. The idea would be fulfilled by his son Heinz Steinitz (1909–1971), one of Israel’s leading zoologists, who had to struggle with the complicated situation of the Gulf of Eilat/Aqaba through the Sinai Campaign and the Six-Day War. The Heinz Steinitz archive illuminates the relations between a scientific discipline rooted deeply in the geography of a particular country and the ever-changing political situation of the region as well the varying concept of science and its benefits for nation-building between German Zionism and Israeli foreign politics.
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  • 4
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 147-160
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Memory Psychological aspects ; Metaphor in literature ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Personal narratives ; History and criticism
    Abstract: As the epigraph to what would turn out to be his final book, Primo Levi chose a few lines from Coleridge’s Rime of the Ancient Mariner that lend impressive moral authority to the witness:Since then, at an uncertain hour,That agony returns,And till my ghastly tale is toldThis heart within me burns.1It is memory, of course, that visits this agony upon the mariner, the memory of having sinned first by felling the fateful albatross and then, all the worse, by surviving his fellow sailors after they paid the heavy price for his violent presumption. Thereafter, the mariner’s transgression overtakes him as a force unto itself, a Fury that he can neither predict nor control, a phantom of the mind that plunges him—in true Romantic form—into physical pain. His only relief takes the form of confessions that will (also with vintage Romantic defiance) imperil simple bourgeois happiness, robbing the wedding celebration of joy with the tale of his devastating (if entirely human) failure. In fact, Coleridge’s mariner does not so much tell his tale as find himself the vehicle for its searing truth, a mere—more or less helpless—medium of agonizing revelation. In return for bearing his agonizing truth so unconsciously, even selflessly, all the mariner can claim is a kind of helpless irreproachability, the ghosts that throng his burning heart and tongue comprising a veritable moral imperative.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 129-145
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust survivors' writings ; Nazi concentration camps in literature ; Space and time in literature
    Abstract: “I’ve always thought that bridges are the most beautiful work there is,” remarks Tino Faussone in Primo Levi’s 1978 book The Wrench (La chiave a stella).1 Levi’s rigger-protagonist appreciates bridges because “they’ll never do anybody harm; in fact, they do good, because roads pass over bridges, and without roads we would still be like savages. In other words, bridges are sort of the opposite of boundaries, and boundaries are where wars start.”2 The nomadic Faussone enjoys seeing the world while “going from one construction site to another,” appreciating the diversity of the planet: “the world is beautiful because it’s all different .”3 Typically working at interstitial places such as shorelines, riverbanks, or on an offshore oil rig that is “like an island, but … an island we had made,” Faussone is a “Homo faber” who finds meaning in work performed well. The rigger’s wrench is, for Faussone, also a key to the stars whose dust he finds on top of the tall constructions he has helped to erect.4 A celebration of the “freedom” attainable from “being good at your job and therefore taking pleasure in doing it,” Faussone demonstrates Levi’s argument that freedom means “not having to work under a boss.”5
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    In:  Interpreting Primo Levi (2016) 97-112
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 97-112
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Jewish scientists ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Literature and science
    Abstract: Primo Levi was not only a Holocaust survivor and witness, he was also an industrial chemist by trade and a lifelong apologist for science as a vital part of an integrated culture. Yet, though few scholars or critics fail to mention that he was a chemist, or to add that his profession helped to save his life in Auschwitz, Levi the scientist and advocate of science remains a surprisingly neglected subject, especially when we consider that it was the publication in 1984 of the English translation of The Periodic Table that first established him as an internationally significant writer. In part, this neglect is due to that very lack of comprehension between the humanities and the sciences (sadly, often more evident on the humanities side) which Levi attempted to overcome. For example, Nicholas Patruno, keenly concerned with the history of the Jews, reads the whole of the “Carbon” chapter of The Periodic Table as an extended metaphor on that theme, making the unexamined assumption that Levi cannot really be writing about organic chemistry, a subject in which Patruno himself clearly sees little intrinsic interest:Levi speaks of the “atom,” which, inserted as part of an architectural structure, is “subjected to complicated exchanges and balances”. By this he seems to mean the Jews and their history. … Levi’s description of how carbon is involved in the creation of wine and how it is stored in the human liver to be activated in exacerbated circumstances refers to how the Jews were destined to be abused and, in a sense, kept in reserve for those moments in history when the world needed to lash out at a scapegoat.
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  • 7
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 115-127
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Italian fiction Jewish authors ; History and criticism ; Smell in literature ; Smell Psychological aspects ; Memory in literature
    Abstract: Smell is a primary and primitive sense; it is our “chemical” sense, as the French geographer Jean-François Staszak states.1 The sense of smell begins with the contact between a molecule and a cell. The stimulus (a set of odorant molecules) is processed by the brain together with other information, both contextual (visual, tactile, and olfactory) and emotional.2 The brain, as the anthropologist Joël Candau explains, identifies, names and categorizes these pieces of information, creating an olfactory image.3 In this complex process, the data that an individual has stored during a lifetime produces olfactory traces. The social and cultural environment and the biography of the individual determine what these traces are. At the end of this “operation,” according to Candau, the stimulus “is codified in the long-term memory in the form of a new olfactory trace.”4 Therefore, individuals carry their own personal, subjective, and intimate olfactory cultures and memories. Two different persons can smell the same odor, but each one memorizes and collects different traces.
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  • 8
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: Jahrbuch des Simon-Dubnow-Instituts
    Angaben zur Quelle: 17 (2018) 313-334
    Keywords: Mendelssohn, Heinrich Knowledge and learning ; Tel Aviv University Archival resources ; Intellectual capital ; Archives Collection management ; Learning and scholarship ; Life sciences
    Abstract: In 2014/15, the private estate of the renowned zoologist and environmentalist professor Heinrich Mendelssohn was catalogued and arranged at the Archives for the History of Tel Aviv University. The project was guided and supported by the Deutsches Literaturarchiv Marbach and the Franz Rosenzweig Minerva Research Center at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. This article presents some of the reflections, contemplations, and thoughts of the archivists and scholars who performed the archival processing of Mendelssohn’s collection in relation to recent archival theory. In addition, the article introduces biographical information on the life and work of Mendelssohn himself in both a local and a transnational historical context.
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  • 9
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 7-20
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, Criticism and interpretation ; Améry, Jean Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature ; Holocaust survivors Psychology
    Abstract: Primo Levi was the twentieth century’s preeminent witness—preeminent both in general and, more specifically, among the voices that sought to draw attention to the shape of its central disfiguring tragedy. Levi attained this position because, as Philip Roth wrote of him shortly after his death, he had “the moral stamina and intellectual poise of a twentieth century Titan:”1 Levi’s name will forever be associated with Auschwitz, where he was imprisoned between February 1944 and January 1945. Indeed, he himself later said that but for his time there he would probably not have become a writer.2 I find this hard to credit in view of his exceptional wisdom about life and the world even as early as his mid-20s, when he composed his memoir of Auschwitz, If This Is a Man.3
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  Interpreting Primo Levi (2016) 21-35
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: Interpreting Primo Levi
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2016) 21-35
    Keywords: Levi, Primo, ; Holocaust survivors' writings History and criticism ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Philosophy ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) Moral and ethical aspects
    Abstract: Primo Levi’s exact motives for writing his essay “The Grey Zone” (“La zona grigia,” 1986) are unknown. Although Levi gives us some indications as to his motivation when he writes “from many signs, it would seem that the time has come to explore the space which separates (and not only in the Nazi Lagers) the victims from the perpetrators, and to do so with a lighter hand, and with a less turbid spirit than has been done, for instance, in a number of films,”1 it is ultimately left up to Levi’s readers to examine his writings and to make a sensitive judgment as to the genesis of his concept of the “gray zone.” Following this method it becomes clear that Levi was uncomfortable with the reductiveness of the terms “good” and “evil.” It is true that Levi never rejected the absolute positions of good and evil and in fact makes use of them in recalling “the evil and insane SS men”2 or when describing the Italian laborer Lorenzo as a man with a “natural and plain manner of being good :”3 So to say that for Levi the notions of good and evil were reductive is not to say that they were redundant. What seems to have been dissatisfying for Levi was that the moral concepts of good and evil constituted the total linguistics and theoretical framework available for understanding the moral lives of the victims of Nazi rule.
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