Language:
English
Year of publication:
2003
Titel der Quelle:
International Journal of Psychoanalysis
Angaben zur Quelle:
84,5 (2003) 1315-1332
Keywords:
National socialism Philosophy
;
Psychoanalysis History 20th century
;
Jews History 1933-1939
;
Antisemitism History 1933-1939
;
Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945)
Abstract:
In the interwar period, psychoanalysis was perceived as a "Jewish science" not only because many Jews were its founders and practitioners but also because of its deeply critical approach, which seemed to be culturally Jewish. With the Nazi rise to power, there was a fear that psychoanalysis would be suppressed. The view arose that if it was to be rescued, its Jewishness, including its Jewish membership, would have to be discarded. Pursuing a policy of appeasement and collaboration, two leading members of the German Psychoanalytic Society (DPG), Boehm and Müller-Braunschweig, began negotiations with the Nazis, arguing that psychoanalysis was not Jewish. Jewish members were purged from the DPG. On the other hand, Jung and Matthias Göring tried to promote their "Aryan" version of psychoanalysis, elevating nationalism and authority. In 1936, the German Institute for Psychological Research and Psychotherapy, with Göring at its head, was set up; thus, psychoanalysis was "Germanized". The antisemitism of many non-Jewish analysts, sometimes on an unconscious level, played a part in the struggle for "German psychoanalysis".
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