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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past 9,1-2 (1997) 393-408
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1997
    Titel der Quelle: History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past
    Angaben zur Quelle: 9,1-2 (1997) 393-408
    Keywords: Spielberg, Steven, ; Spiegelman, Art, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in motion pictures
    Abstract: Deals with the issue of authenticity in representation of the Holocaust. Contends that in critical judgments on the representation of history (especially of the Holocaust) in fiction, historical knowledge, not understanding, must be the guideline. As an illustration, compares two popularizations of the Holocaust, Art Spiegelman's "Maus" and Steven Spielberg's film "Schindler's List". Discusses the differences in the closures of both narratives. Spiegelman's narrative ends with death, stressing the tragedy and interminability of the Holocaust, despite the fact that some people survived. Spielberg's plot focuses on the story of rescue and has a "happy end" (the Jewish survivors commemorate the hero), stressing the idea of redemptive justice. The model presented by "Maus" is preferable, not only because it provides a wider focus on history, but also because it allows more understanding of how the past charges the present and it avoids sinking into a morality tale.
    Note: A comparison of Steven Spielberg's film "Schindler's list" and Art Spiegelman's "Maus".
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past 2,1 (1990) 111-129
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1990
    Titel der Quelle: History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past
    Angaben zur Quelle: 2,1 (1990) 111-129
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in motion pictures
    Abstract: States that films dealing with history represent a complex balance between two referents: one appealing to the historical knowledge or memory of the viewer, the other taking liberties with historical facts for the sake of inventive storytelling. Discusses the iconography of the Nazi era which has evolved, producing the same images time and again. Expresses the fear that distinctions between object and representation are breaking down - history is cut loose from experience and memory. Discusses the American TV film "Holocaust" as an example of "history made in Hollywood", but also gives three examples of alternative, more acceptable, ways of presenting history on film - Claude Lanzmann's "Shoah", Alexander Kluge's "Die Patriotin", and Hans Jürgen Syberberg's "Hitler".
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1991
    Titel der Quelle: History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past
    Angaben zur Quelle: 3,1 (1991) 119-134
    Keywords: Lanzmann, Claude. ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in motion pictures
    Abstract: Contends that forgotten memories may be retrieved through their representations in an aesthetic form. The film "Shoah" evokes the facticity of the Holocaust through a construct of that reality. Lanzmann follows Sartre's conception of trauma as an event (rather than Freud's understanding of it as an experience), and even goes a step further in rejecting the attempts to find a retrospective meaning for genocide. Trauma, in the case of the Holocaust, is a black box of extermination that divides time into before and after the event. Lanzmann stages a recurrence of experiences or situations where the authentic reactions of the participants (e.g. gestures) resurface rather than call on their conscious memory.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past 10,2 (1998) 5-42
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 1998
    Titel der Quelle: History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past
    Angaben zur Quelle: 10,2 (1998) 5-42
    Keywords: Lanzmann, Claude. ; Raczymow, Henri, ; Rymkiewicz, Jarosław Marek. ; Spiegelman, Art, ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in motion pictures ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature
    Abstract: Discusses two recent literary works on the Holocaust: the novel "Un cri sans voix" (1985) [in English: "Writing the Book of Esther"], by Henri Raczymow, a French author born to a family of Polish Jewish immigrants, and Jarosław M. Rymkiewicz's novel "Umschlagplatz" (1988) [in English: "Final Station: Umschlagplatz"]. Both works may be regarded as vicarious testimonies. Like Claude Lanzmann's film "Shoah" and Art Spiegelman's "Maus", they contain elements of documentary realism and mediated recollection. Both novels describe the summer of 1942 in the Warsaw ghetto. Rymkiewicz, a non-Jewish Pole, places himself in the novel as a bystander in wartime Poland. Fictional heroes in both novels act side by side with historical figures. Suggests that with the eventual passing away of the last witness of the Holocaust, such literature, bearing vicarious witness, will acquire prominence as a tool for comprehending the Holocaust.
    Note: Especially on Henri Raczymow's "La cri sans voix" and Jaroslaw Marek Rymkiewicz's "Umschlagplatz". , A revised version appeared in "Shaping Losses" (2001).
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    In:  History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past 15,2 (2003) 94-129
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2003
    Titel der Quelle: History and Memory; Studies in Representation of the Past
    Angaben zur Quelle: 15,2 (2003) 94-129
    Keywords: Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in motion pictures ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in literature ; Jews in literature ; Judaism in literature
    Note: In comparison with fictional representations of the Holocaust.
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