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  • 2020-2024  (42)
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  • 1
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117 (תשפב) 131-158
    Keywords: Labor mobility ; Occupational training ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Influence ; Employability ; Labor market
    Abstract: One of the main challenges in modern labor markets is to improve themobility and employability of workers among workplaces, jobs and roles.This paper explores the factors that might influence people's beliefs aboutand attitudes towards the mechanisms for improving employability throughtraining. We develop a research model and test it in Israel using surveysthat were distributed at two points in time – before and during an acutecrisis in the labor market – the Covid-19 pandemic, and evaluate theinfluence of the Covid outbreak on the research variables. Although citizensare aware about the need to improve employability, they are less willing topromote or pay for it. Perceptions about personal mobility andemployability, as well as about employment security, play a major role inexplaining citizens' attitudes towards training. Beliefs about theeffectiveness of government training providers can influence on citizens’demand for training. We also reveal a paradox whereby people supporttraining, but also feel that widespread training might reduce theircompetitive advantage in the labor market.Although the unemployment rate increased dramatically following theCovid-19 outbreak, the relationships between the research variables arealmost identical at the two points in time. Our findings indicate thatemployment status is related to citizens' perceived employment securityand their attitudes toward training. Previous educational experience,education and training have a role in perceived employment security andindirectly affect support in training. Policy implications follow.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 2
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117 (תשפב) 107-130
    Keywords: Social workers ; Social work administration ; Israel Social policy
    Abstract: Background: As a welfare state, Israel is coping with many socialchallenges. Social workers who are closely acquainted with the needs ofdisadvantaged populations are expected to engage in policy practice inorder to improve the situation of their clients. Even though they havewitnessed the positive and negative consequences of social policy, only afew of them actually engage in policy practice. The few studies that haveexamined this issue indicate that one of the factors that influence theinvolvement of social workers in policy practice is support from directors ofsocial service departments and legitimization of engagement in policypractice.Aims: To examine the perceptions of social service department directorsregarding the role and involvement of the departments in policy practice.Method: The findings are based on thematic analysis of semi-structuredinterviews conducted with 13 directors of social service departments inIsrael.Findings: The findings reveal a structural trap that makes it difficult forsocial workers as well as for directors to engage in policy practice in orderto promote changes beyond the level of the individual and family.Implications for policy and practice: It is recommended to establish anational reflection forum consisting of representatives of departmentdirectors, local authorities, and the Ministry of Social Affairs who willdiscuss the significance of departments’ engagement in policy practice. Inaddition, it is recommended to develop training programs for bothdirectors and workers in order to provide them with knowledge and skillson the topic.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 3
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117 (תשפב) 51-74
    Keywords: Motherhood Social aspects ; Women, Palestinian Arab ; Women, Palestinian Arab Social conditions ; Patrilineal kinship ; Children, Palestinian Arab Institutional care ; Mothers Interviews
    Abstract: Arab women from East-Jerusalem live in a traditional and patriarchalsociety and most of them fulfil traditional duties as wives and mothers. Iftheir children are removed for out-of-home placements, the cultural andpolitical context of their lives differentiates their experiences from those ofother mothers who live in Western societies. This study aims to examinethe implications of institutionalizing children on Arab mothers from EastJerusalem in different aspects of their lives: personal, familial and social.In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 Arab mothersfrom East-Jerusalem from whom at least one child was removed to out-ofhome placement by an Israeli court order, for a period of over four years.The mothers described a variety of implications on their lives as a result oftheir children’s removal, including emotional distress and health impacts.They experienced an increase in violence against them from their biologicalfamilies, their spouses and their spouse’s families. Socially, the mothers experienced banishment and criticism as ones who tryto abandon their motherly duties. The effects of child removal for out-ofhome placement on Arab mothers are vast, either because being a mother istheir main societal expectation, or considering the abuse experienced bythose women throughout their lives. The study highlighted the need todesign interventions with these women according to their uniquecharacteristics and to promote their empowerment.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 4
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117 (תשפב) 23-50
    Keywords: Marital conflict ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Psychological aspects ; Work and family ; Flexible work arrangements ; Telecommuting ; Dual-career families
    Abstract: The present study investigates the correlation between the experience ofwork-family role conflict during the COVID-19 pandemic and expressionsof marital aggression. Expressions of aggression were assessed in terms ofhostility in current spousal relationships and adopting inappropriatemarital conflict management patterns: physical violence, verbal-emotionalviolence and avoiding conflict resolution. The research sample included 406 Jewish participants (206 women and 200 men) who worked fromhome at least three days a week during August 2020, and are parents toyoung and middle-childhood age children. The findings indicate a positivecorrelation between role conflict, marital hostility and the use of a patternof verbal-emotional violence during conflict management.Furthermore, we observe that marital hostility mediates the relationshipbetween role conflict and the use of inappropriate marital conflictmanagement patterns. A negative correlation was also found betweenresources of flexibility in crisis management and relaxed communication inthe family, on one hand, and marital hostility and to use of physicalviolence patterns in marital conflict management. No differences werefound between mothers and fathers in terms of role conflict experience orassessment of expressions of marital aggression.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 5
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117 (תשפב) 11-22
    Keywords: Information society ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Influence ; Public administration
    Abstract: This short article deals with recent theoretical, paradigmatical, andpractical transformations in public management, especially in view of theglobal COVID-19 crisis. The paper is divided into two major sections. First,I briefly review developments in managerial thinking within the public andgovernmental arena, especially since the 1970s, emphasizing variousparadigmatic and interdisciplinary influences, and the unique challengesrelated to the governance of democracies in rapidly changing environments.The next section tries to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on theway public management evolves, highlighting transformations in socialenvironments, the growing impact of digitization, technology, and theinformation society. In light of these considerations, seven potentialdirections and challenges for the ongoing progress of the field aresuggested.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 6
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 117 (תשפב) 75-106
    Keywords: Voluntarism ; Social responsibility of business ; Nonprofit organizations
    Abstract: Corporate volunteering refers to corporate employees volunteering in thecommunity on behalf of their workplace, as part of a corporate social responsibility strategy. These voluntary activities usually take place in nonprofit organizations (NPOs) that provide services to vulnerable populations,such as people with disabilities and health problems, and children andyouth at risk. Similar to emerging global trends, corporate volunteering is arapidly growing phenomenon in Israel, and yet it has received littlescholarly attention. The aim of the present study is to examine the meaningof corporate volunteering from the perspectives of the main stakeholdersinvolved: corporate executives and volunteers; NPO leaders, employees andservice users.The research draws on three qualitative case studies. The first is acommunity garden (2015-2016), which involved real-estate companyemployees volunteering in a mental health rehabilitation NPO. The second case study is a transportation service (2006-2018), in which insurancecompany employees volunteered in a medical aid NPO, transporting peoplewith chronic illness to hospital treatments. The third case study is a farm(2014-present), in which employees from an irrigation technology companyvolunteered to provide at-risk youths with an opportunity to work inagriculture.Data for this study were collected from 2016-2019 using mixed methods.Semi-structured in-depth interviews were held with key stakeholders:executives, employees, corporate volunteers as well as service users (N =28). We also conducted observations within the organizations and at jointevents. Finally, we analyzed a variety of relevant documents, includingmeeting minutes, emails, letters, and social media posts. The data collectedwere analyzed qualitatively in two stages: within-case followed by a crosscase analysis.The findings provide a glimpse into the “backstage” of corporatevolunteering, indicating that business executives perceive it as a meaningfulactivity that contributes to community welfare and company reputation.Nevertheless, our results also indicate that volunteering took place mostlyon a sporadic base – once a month or once a quarter – with significantturnover of volunteering employees. The business companies struggledwith substantial difficulties in recruiting and retaining volunteers, in somecases leading them to actually force employees to "volunteer" in theseactivities.For these reasons, corporate volunteering did not achieve a meaningfulencounter between corporate employees and NPO service users, but waslimited to the concrete activities carried out, with limited social interaction.Thus, the findings demonstrate a significant gap between the positiveperception of corporate volunteering in the literature and the reality on theground, in which volunteering offers only limited benefits.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 7
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 118 (תשפג) 91-122
    Keywords: Older people in mass media ; Older people Press coverage ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- ; Mass media and public opinion ; Ageism
    Abstract: This study researched the representation of elderly population in the massmedia during the First year of the Covid-19 pandemic. The aims of the studywere: (1) to reflect the discourse on the elderly in the media and to crack thesense of dissonance between caring for the elderly and their exclusion, anddefining it as dangerous only to the elderly, to keep the sense of threat awayfrom us; (2) to bring up to academic and public discussion and to increasepublic awareness of the ways in which older people are portrayed in the massmedia and the importance of eradication of ageism. The study was based on an analysis of the topics of the articles, headlines andphotos selected by the editors of the Yedioth Ahronoth newspaper for itemsrelated to adults in Israel during the Covid-19 pandemic. From the day thepandemic broke out until the end of January 2021. The categories aroundwhich the texts were analyzed were the “voice”: we examined whether andwhen the elderly’s voice was heard, and when it wasn’t or others spoke ontheir behalf; the “image”: which image is chosen next to the title, produces anarrative that shapes attitudes and opinion of elderly life; and the “message”:we sought to analyze, throughout these articles, how the elderly werereflected in the editors’ choice.The study shows a setback in the delicate achievements made in the last threedecades in the context of social and medical perceptions towards the olderpopulation. This setback during the research period was also expressed incriticism of the institutional care policy, upon its proposal of herdvaccination, also at a price that the elderly population in Israel will surelypay.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 8
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 118 (תשפג) 63-89
    Keywords: Labor supply ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Economic aspects ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Social aspects ; Older people Employment ; Age discrimination in employment
    Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has intensified the phenomenon of discriminationagainst senior citizens in labor market. These citizens were classified by theWorld Health Organization as “high-risk” for developing seriouscomplications because of the Covid-19 virus, therefore the restrictions ontheir freedom and wellbeing were severe. These also affected their ability to work, although some were forced to continue working due to a pooreconomic situation.Traditionally, senior citizens were perceived as a group with “special needs”only because of their age as criteria for discrimination. The ageismphenomena affected senior citizens even before the outbreak of the Covid-19virus, but during the Covid-19 period the narratives expressed by the mediaand the government regarding the third age group were over-vulnerabilityand burden on the health care system.This complexity is also clearly reflected in our research results conductedamong 18 government ministries regarding the adoption of GovernmentDecision 592 that was made in November 2020, to promote the employmentof senior citizens in the government ministries service. Research findingsindicate a very low rate of senior citizens’ employment expansion ingovernment ministries service since the date of Government Decision 592was made, and in sharp contrast to the government statement of successionpilot of senior citizens absorption in the government ministries service.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 9
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 118 (תשפג) 183-196
    Keywords: ha-Agudah ha-Yiśreʼelit le-geronṭologyah ; Ageism ; Older people Social conditions ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020-
    Abstract: This article describes the way the Israeli Gerontological Association (IGA)addresses the challenges of ageism and the practical measures it took toprotect senior citizens’ rights and provide assistance to seniors during theCorona pandemic. Ageism was evident already at the outbreak of thepandemic. Although this was indeed a preexisting phenomenon in the Israelisociety, it gained in intensity at the time of the pandemic. The way policymakers, the media and even senior level physicians, related to the elderpopulation was characterized by ageistic, paternalistic, and aggressiveattitudes.The overall orientation and approach were based upon chronological agecriteria alone, without any understanding of the vast diversity anddifferences among people, regardless of their chronological age.IGA’s position was that aged people should be treated with equality withoutdistinguishing nor discriminating among individuals based on theirchronological age. Hence, the IGA firmly advocated against this ageistapproach and published a policy paper advancing this view, launched apetition among the general public and joined a coalition of organizations totackle the ageism phenomenon. Early manifestations of ageism during theinitial months of the pandemic included an attempt to order a physicallockdown of aged citizens preventing aged adults from returning to workafter the lockdown period, and steps to prevent aged individuals fromunemployment insurance benefits. Alongside the public campaign againstageism, the IGA helped provide direct assistance to isolated elderly facingdifficult mental health crises and offered current and easily accessibleinformation to both field practitioners and the general public about agingand its manifestations.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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  • 10
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: ביטחון סוציאלי
    Angaben zur Quelle: 118 (תשפג) 37-61
    Keywords: Ageism ; Older people Interviews ; Older people Institutional care ; COVID-19 Pandemic, 2020- Social aspects ; Older people Home care
    Abstract: The article discusses ageist perspectives of the Covid-19 period for the olderpopulation, whether living at home or in out-of-home frameworks, as theyemerged from older people’s reported experiences. Analyzing the interviewsrevealed that ageism connected to the imposed isolation was moreaccentuated in out-of-home frameworks. They were sometimes described as“closed institutions” or even as “prison”. Ignoring the tenants’representatives’ voice further implies further this implication. Nevertheless,despite the strict restrictions imposed in these frameworks it appears thatthe tenants and their representatives complied with this control.Analyzing the interviews indicated that the ageist attitude was also found inrelation to the older people living at their homes. Ageism was revealedthrough the children’s latent control over their older parents’ mobility andtheir decision-making ability. Some of the interviewees suggested that due tothe political and media discourse ageism deepened during Covid-19. Theinterviews also clarified that during this period Arab older people tended tocling harder to faith and religiLatent ageism that is not openly discussed, but which is transferred throughcompassionate righteous attitude, and through ignoring or silencing theelderly, also emerged from the analysis. It is connected, apparently, to thefear and anxiety in referring to the “carriers of death” on the one hand, andto their care on the other. The article’s contribution consists in comparing the older people’sexperiences in the various frameworks, living at home and out of home.Another contribution is the focus on the interviewees’ descriptions of theirown experiences during Covid-19, perceiving them as the basis of theresearch.The research used the qualitative-narrative method. It was conducted duringthe months of August-October 2020 and March-May 2021. 30 interviewswere carried out with both Jewish and Arab elderly people (all of them over75), living at home or in out-of-home frameworks, as well as 7 officials withinthese frameworks.ous rituals.
    Note: With an English abstract.
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