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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Solomon, his temple, and Ottoman imperial anxieties. (2022)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 85,1 (2022) 21-46
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 85,1 (2022) 21-46
    Keywords: Solomon, Islamic interpretations ; Ahmet Bican, ; Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) ; Turkey History Ottoman Empire, 1288-1918
    Abstract: Several works focusing on the complex figure of Solomon appeared between 1450 and 1580, each offering variations on the themes of empire-building, sedentarization, sacral kingship, and technological change.The Dürr-i Meknun, written around the time of the conquest of Constantinople, uses Solomon to illustrate the risks of urbanization, imperial hubris and potential tyranny. The second, the Süleyman-name by the technically inclined author Uzun Firdevsi, portrays Solomon in the image of Sultan Bayezid II. The prophet, using his bureaucratic capacities, enacts Ottoman dreams of control over the eastern Mediterranean. Finally, the accounts given of the deeds of Sultan Süleyman, notably the reconstruction of the Temple Mount and the construction of the Süleymaniye complex in Istanbul, show the Solomonic myth consciously enacted by the state itself. These sources trace a trajectory whereby anxieties surrounding the transformations of early modernity are expressed and worked through by means of the vocabulary of a prophetological sacred history.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X22000301
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    "Bene pareza" : a new talmudic lexeme. (2021)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 84,2 (2021) 219-236
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 84,2 (2021) 219-236
    Keywords: Talmud Bavli Language, style ; Talmud Bavli Manuscripts ; Cairo Genizah ; Jewish magic ; Aramaic language, Talmudic Terms and phrases ; Persian language Influence on Aramaic
    Abstract: The Persian lexeme pahrēz-, pahrēxtan (inf.), “to avoid, to abstain” and also “to care, to protect”, is found in Jewish, Christian, and Mandaic magical literature. It is also current in Mandaic works, and is found in some Geonic works in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. It has not yet been found in the Babylonian Talmud itself. In this article I discuss a recently discovered occurrence of this word in a reconstructed codex of chapters of Babylonian Talmud, found in the Cairo Genizah (GM). I begin with a reading of the talmudic sugiya. I then discuss other uses of pahrēz in Jewish Babylonian Aramaic, in other dialects of Eastern Aramaic, and in Middle Persian. I end with a re-reading of the talmudic sugiya in GM in light of the meaning of pahrēz.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X21000434
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    The conversions of ʿAbdallāh ibn Salām (d. 43/633) : a legendary moment in the biography of Muḥammad's Jewish companion. (2021)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 84,2 (2021) 237-261
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 84,2 (2021) 237-261
    Keywords: 'Abdallah ibn Salam ; Muslim converts from Judaism Biography ; Islam History of doctrines ; Islam Relations ; Judaism ; Islamic literature History and criticism ; Anti-Jewish propaganda
    Abstract: The Jewish scholar ʿAbdallāh b. Salām is a legendary figure from early Islam who is regarded in Islamic tradition as the archetypal Jewish convert to Islam during the Prophet's career, the pre-eminent authority on Jewish scriptures in seventh-century Arabia, and a renowned Companion. This study examines the traditions on Ibn Salām's conversion that were recorded in the biographical literature and Quranic commentaries of classical Islam and identifies the literary tropes from Muḥammad's biography featured in these traditions. Scrutiny of the evidence shows that the reports on the date and circumstances of Ibn Salām's conversion were shaped by a number of factors, including, the biases of his descendants, Quranic exegesis, and anti-Jewish polemics. Ibn Salām's legendary conversion served as a vehicle for diverse groups of Muslims to promote their doctrines and supply the Prophet with Biblical legitimacy.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X21000720
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    A seal of Solomon son of Azariah, "son of the exilarch of all Israel". (2021)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 84,2 (2021) 207-217
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 84,2 (2021) 207-217
    Keywords: Seals (Numismatics) ; Exilarchate ; Names, Hebrew
    Abstract: Publication of a seal of rock crystal in London (British Museum), with an inscription in Aramaic and Hebrew naming the bearer, one Solomon b. Azariah, as grandson (or perhaps son) of an exilarch. An identification of the bearer as Solomon, son of the Jewish exilarch Azariah b. Solomon (c. 975) and grandson of the exilarch Solomon b. Josiah (c. 951–3), is considered, as is the alternative possibility that the grandfather was the exilarch Solomon b. Hisdai (c. 730–58).
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X21000446
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Reading across confessional lines in Ayyubid Egypt : a Judaeo-Arabic Geniza fragment with three new poems by Ibn al-Kīzānī (d. 562/1166). (2023)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 86,2 (2023) 213-240
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 86,2 (2023) 213-240
    Keywords: Ibn Al-Kizani ; Manuscripts, Judeo-Arabic ; Cairo Genizah ; Ayyubids History ; Sufism ; Judaism Relations ; Sufism ; Arabic poetry History and criticism
    Abstract: The Geniza fragment T-S AS 161.50 contains three poems, all in Judaeo-Arabic, attributed to the Egyptian Sufi poet Muḥammad b. Ibrāhīm Abū ʿAbd Allāh, known as Ibn al-Kīzānī (d. 562/1167). None of the texts are present in his published dīwān. In the Egyptian section of his anthology Kharīdat al-qaṣr, Saladin's secretary ʿImād al-Dīn al-Iṣfahānī (d. 597/1201) testifies to the interest of Saladin in Ibn al-Kīzānī. We are thus in a unique position to evaluate the readership of this poet; while his followers called Kīzāniyya were already known, his popularity evidently extended not only across confessional lines to be read in a Jewish milieu, but also reached elite levels, despite his (according to ʿImād al-Dīn) “heterodox” beliefs. These new texts accordingly throw light on inter-religious and unorthodox currents normally not understood to have been promoted by Saladin and his avowedly Sunni successors.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X2300023X
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Consonant dissimilarity in biblical Hebrew defective nouns. (2020)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 83,2 (2020) 225-237
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 83,2 (2020) 225-237
    Keywords: Hebrew language, Biblical Noun ; Hebrew language, Biblical Roots ; Hebrew language, Biblical Phonology ; Hebrew language Dissimilation
    Abstract: Co-occurrence restrictions on Biblical Hebrew root consonants have received thorough treatment in the specialized literature. However, combinations involving glides on the one hand, and nominal roots on the other, have received very little attention. The aim of this paper is to argue for an incompatibility between medial consonants and final glides in defective nouns: a final w cannot generally follow a homorganic medial root consonant, viz. labial p, b, m and velar k, g, q. The III-w roots are rare: they came about as a result of a well-documented historical process and are found almost only in nominal roots. Previous investigations have overlooked this incompatibility owing to the incomplete scope of the studies.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X20002591
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    What a discourse unit can teach us about the relationship between the Mishnah and Tosefta : an examination of the parallelism between the compilations in the halakhic give-and-take conversation. (2023)
    In:  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 86,1 (2023) 31-54
    Details
    ISSN: 0041-977X
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
    Angaben zur Quelle: 86,1 (2023) 31-54
    Keywords: Tosefta Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Tosefta Language, style ; Mishnah Criticism, interpretation, etc.
    Abstract: This article presents an examination of the parallelism between the Mishnah and Tosefta in one discourse unit – the halakhic give-and-take conversation. It aims to show that a description of discourse units found in both compilations can contribute to the discussion of the relationship between the two compilations and the status of the Tosefta in regard to Mishnah. In the examined corpus of halakhic give-and-take conversations from the Mishnah and Tosefta from three orders, for only 16 conversations in the Tosefta (14%) was there found a parallel conversation in the Mishnah, and in most cases the parallels are not identical. The structural and linguistic comparison between these 16 parallel conversations showed that the conversations in the Tosefta contain more exchanges as well as more complete exchanges, and that the language in the Tosefta seems less redacted and earlier compared with the language in the parallel conversations in the Mishnah.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0041977X23000216
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