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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    Spartans or Samaritans? : Revealing the creativity of the author of 1 Maccabees. (2023)
    In:  Harvard Theological Review 116,3 (2023) 376-398
    Details
    ISSN: 0017-8160
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Harvard Theological Review
    Angaben zur Quelle: 116,3 (2023) 376-398
    Keywords: Maccabees, 1st Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Maccabees, 1st Criticism, Textual ; Samaritans in post-biblical literature ; Spartanism
    Abstract: A majority of scholars view the Hasmonean-Spartan correspondence, reported in 1 Maccabees, as inauthentic, since it contains many improbabilities, including the assertion that the Jews and the Spartans are fraternal nations. However, its patent implausibility also renders it unimaginable that the correspondence was intended to be understood literally. Hence, the binary choice offered in research, whereby it is either a bizarre fabrication or an authentic correspondence, despite all its peculiarities, is problematic. The Hasmonean-Spartan correspondence thus remains a conspicuous, unresolved enigma in the research of 1 Maccabees and the early Hasmonean period. Based on a textual clue, this article proposes a solution, namely, that the correspondence is, in fact, an ingenious derision of the Jews’ authentic ethnic “brothers”—the Samaritans. This suggestion provides new insights into the history of the early Hasmoneans and the literary creativity of the author of 1 Maccabees.
    DOI: 10.1017/S0017816023000202
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    The purpose of the balustrade in the Herodian Temple. (2020)
    In:  Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 51,4-5 (2020) 487-524
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2212
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period
    Angaben zur Quelle: 51,4-5 (2020) 487-524
    Keywords: Herod ; Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) Design and construction ; Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) (Jewish law) ; Handrails ; Gentiles (Jewish law)
    Abstract: Within the Herodian temenos in Jerusalem, a warning inscription prohibited non-Jews, under penalty of death, from proceeding any further inward. This was mounted on a low stone balustrade that encircled an area larger than the actual holy ground. As suggested in research, the underlying pentateuchal law for the inscription was הזר הקרב יומת, “the unauthorized encroacher shall be put to death.” The subjection of gentiles to this law, in particular, and its application even when they had not, de facto, trespassed on holy ground remain, however, unexplained. The article suggests that the inscription applied הזר הקרב יומת to a זר, in the sense of “a foreigner,” who merely קרב, “draws near” to sacred ground. A further suggestion is that this reading and implementation of the biblical law reflects a preemptive endeavor to blunt Jewish objection to a major cultic innovation by Herod: granting gentiles access to the Jerusalem temenos.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Numbers 4:20 and non-priestly viewing of the holy vessels in the Second Temple period. (2024)
    In:  Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period 55,1 (2024) 76-99
    Details
    ISSN: 0047-2212
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2024
    Titel der Quelle: Journal for the Study of Judaism in the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman Period
    Angaben zur Quelle: 55,1 (2024) 76-99
    Keywords: Temple of Jerusalem (Jerusalem, Israel) Equipment and supplies ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc., Jewish ; Tabernacle ; Jewish law Biblical teaching ; Jewish art and symbolism ; Implements, utensils, etc. (Jewish law) ; Post-biblical literature History and criticism ; Rabbinical literature History and criticism
    Abstract: In discussing the dismantling and transport of the tabernacle and its furnishings, Numbers 4:20 prohibits any viewing of the “holy,” except by Aaron, the priest, and his sons. Philo of Alexandria, as well as several modern scholars, read this as a prohibition on any non-priestly viewing of the sacred, Jewish cultic vessels, including the menorah, the shewbread table and the incense altar. Accordingly, a dominant view in research holds that during the Second Temple period these cultic utensils were concealed from the sight of non-priests. However, this view partly overlooks and partly misinterprets our main source in that respect: Josephus indicates that the Jewish holy vessels were actually displayed to the Jewish crowd gathered in the temple court during the Second Temple period. This is supported by the images on certain Hasmonean coins as well as by later texts, such as P.Oxy. 840 and rabbinic literature.
    DOI: 10.1163/15700631-bja10074
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