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  • 2020-2024  (14)
  • Judaism  (12)
  • Hekhalot literature History and criticism
  • Buber, Martin,
  • 1
    Artikel
    Artikel
    Space and place in medieval Ashkenaz : an everyday perspective. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,3 (2021) 245-258
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,3 (2021) 245-258
    Schlagwort(e): Jews History To 1500 ; Jews Social conditions ; Space and time Religious aspects ; Judaism
    Kurzfassung: This article provides the theoretical and contextual background for Jewish Studies Quarterly 21 nos. 3 and 4 (2021). It situates the Jews of medieval Ashkenaz within their homes and discusses their attachment to and identification with the places where they lived. It surveys approaches to space as used by scholars seeking to understand medieval life and outlines the relevance of these theories to the study of everyday life. Situating the Jews within this area of studies, the article focuses on the tensions and affiliations Jews had within the surrounding Christian space and challenges some of the previous approaches towards these issues. Against this backdrop, the goals of the articles are explained and surveyed, moving from the home to the general environs of medieval towns and cities.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0013
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  • 2
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    Meals and mourning : the "Seudat Havraʾah" and the "Seudah Mafseket" of Tisha bʾAv in Medieval Ashkenaz. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,3 (2021) 297-314
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,3 (2021) 297-314
    Schlagwort(e): Dinners and dining Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Ashkenazim Social life and customs ; Jewish mourning customs History ; Ninth of Av Customs and practices
    Kurzfassung: The study of foodways of Jews in medieval Ashkenaz reveals the social, cultural and religious significance of meals as part of the life cycle and the cycle of Jewish calendar events. This article examines two meals connected to mourning rituals: the seudat havraʾah, the first meal eaten by the mourners following the funeral, and the seudah mafseket, the meal eaten before the fast of Tisha bʾAv. The seudat havraʾah signified a ritual »reintegrating« the mourners back into the fabric of life, whereas the seudah mafseket was eaten in an attempt to make the destruction of the temple present. While comparing the meals' design in the domestic space and their components: foods, participants and their roles, and liturgy, the differences between the concepts of private and public mourning will be elucidated. This comparison exemplifies the ritual roles of meals and their contribution to constructing and reinforcing identities and belonging.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0016
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  • 3
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    Artikel
    Between domestic and urban spaces : preparing for Shabbat in Ashkenazic communities, 13th-15th centuries. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,3 (2021) 259-277
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,3 (2021) 259-277
    Schlagwort(e): Sabbath Customs and practices ; Ashkenazim Social life and customs ; Candles and lights (Judaism) ; Jewish communities History ; Dinners and dining Religious aspects ; Judaism
    Kurzfassung: In 13th to 15th-century Ashkenazi Jewish communities, preparing candles and food not only created a sanctified domestic space for Shabbat, but also required Jews to interact with urban spaces, often shared with Christians. The preparation of Shabbat candles demonstrates the porous boundaries between synagogue and home. The physical, ritual and symbolic aspects of Shabbat candles emphasized their domesticity, especially when viewed against Christian ritual uses of candles. However, Shabbat candles were also present in synagogues symbolically through liturgy and in the reckoning of candle-lighting time. The need to keep food warm over Shabbat without kindling fire demonstrates the importance of urban settings. Jews used urban or communal ovens to insulate food, even when they were able to do so at home. The urban settings of Shabbat preparations reveal how the entire community, regardless of age, gender, and status, fashioned a temporal – but tangible – »Jewish space« between homes, synagogues, streets and ovens.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0014
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  • 4
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    Moving bodies : corpses and communal space in medieval Ashkenaz. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,3 (2021) 331-348
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,3 (2021) 331-348
    Schlagwort(e): Burial laws (Jewish law) ; Dead Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Dead bodies (Jewish law) ; Jewish mourning customs ; Jewish funeral rites and ceremonies
    Kurzfassung: Analysis of the impact of death in high medieval Ashkenaz has focused on practices of mourning and rituals of remembrance. The current article builds on this work by attending to the time immediately following death and before burial. It follows the corpse on its journey from the house to the cemetery through the streets. Focusing on the corpse itself rather than the surrounding mourners, it explores how the presence of the corpse impacted the social interactions and practices undertaken in the house and the street, endowing those spaces with a communal dimension that they did not usually possess. By creating these temporary communal spaces, Jews in high medieval Ashkenaz reordered the spaces the corpse inhabited. Moreover, focus on practices in space illustrates that interactions between Jews and Christians in high medieval Ashkenaz were not only prevalent in secular affairs, but also permeated lifecycle rituals.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0018
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  • 5
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    Situated fathering in medieval Ashkenaz. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,3 (2021) 278-296
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,3 (2021) 278-296
    Schlagwort(e): Jews Social conditions To 1500 ; Fathers and sons Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Jewish children History ; Jews Homes and haunts
    Kurzfassung: Fatherhood in medieval Ashkenaz was a complex sociological phenomenon, manifesting both stern and affectionate attitudes towards children. Fathers were expected to treat misbehaving children harshly, but this disciplinary attitude was inseparable from paternal love and physical contact between fathers and children. Spaces influenced paternal behavior: appropriate fatherly behavior in the synagogue differed from how fathers were expected to treat their children at home. This article focuses on two internal domestic loci: the cellar and the family table. The study of the cellar demonstrates not only harsh paternal behavior, but also the limitations of fatherhood: expelling children from home was a last resort for fathers who could not otherwise exert their paternal authority when paternal attempts to motivate children to internalize normative behavior were not successful. The study of the family table sheds light on the nurturing and educative aspects of domestic fatherhood; it manifests its affectionate characteristics and reveals gender constructions.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0015
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  • 6
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    The myth of permanence and the task of eternity : Ernst Cassirer and Hermann Cohen on the self-transcendence of the state. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 29,1 (2022) 46-71
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 29,1 (2022) 46-71
    Schlagwort(e): Kant, Immanuel, ; Hegel, Georg Ludwig Friedrich, ; Buber, Martin, ; Cassirer, Ernst, ; Judaism and philosophy ; Jewish philosophers ; Political science Philosophy
    Kurzfassung: First published in 1946, Ernst Cassirer's The Myth of the State is a passionate plea against the irrational forces in politics and for a restoration of the Kantian task of freedom. For Cassirer, only a fully rational state can subdue the resurgent forces of myth, and it is the philosopher's task to continuously question, as the Hebrew prophets did, the foundations of human power and to think against and beyond the present time. Cassirer's critique of the state intersects in many points with Hermann Cohen's ambivalent understanding of the state as a myth of permanence and moral institution of eternity. Like Kant's freedom, eternity, for Cohen, cannot be but task. The myth of the state is undermined by the prophetic vision that the state is no self-sufficient goal, but a transitory concept towards the concept of peace. Reading Cassirer and Cohen side by side, this essay reflects on their shared affinity to prophetic politics as a self-revision of the state.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2022-0004
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  • 7
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    The Torah is bound to be forgotten : a history of an ahistorical trope. (2023)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 30,4 (2023) 440-462
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 30,4 (2023) 440-462
    Schlagwort(e): Ezra In rabbinical literature ; Jews History 586 B.C.-70 A.D. ; Memory Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Rabbinical literature History and criticism
    Kurzfassung: This paper argues that the rhetoric of forgetting was central to the early rabbinic movement's self-conception. Earlier interpretations of the saying that »the Torah is bound to be forgotten« were guided by the »retreat from history« hypothesis. On this account, the rabbis promoted their efforts at preservation and consolidation of the Torah as a timely solution to the vicissitudes of real events. Balberg, however, stresses the specific connection between this motif of forgetting the Torah, and Ezra the scribe, a prior promulgator of the notion of a »second Torah.« Rabbis styled themselves as Ezras, expanding and blurring this older idea so as to encompass a wider range of forgettings. In the process, they redefined what it means not to forget the Torah. Not only the giving and interpretation of the Torah, but also its perpetual renewal, became a recurring pattern of rabbinic thought. Thus one cannot distinguish historical from ahistorical or traditional rabbinic uses of the past; all are textually mediated.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2023-0024
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  • 8
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    The salvific effects of Almsgiving and the moral status of the poor in Talmudic Judaism and late Antique Christianity. (2020)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 27,1 (2020) 1-21
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 27,1 (2020) 1-21
    Schlagwort(e): Charity Religious aspects ; Christianity ; Charity Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Charity in rabbinical literature ; Sin in rabbinical literature
    Kurzfassung: This article explores several parallel teachings in rabbinic Judaism and late antique Christianity regarding redemptive almsgiving. First, the author calls attention to remarks made by Cyprian of Carthage and John Chrysostom that maintain almsgiving delivers from physical death, similar to the statements in the Babylonian Talmud known as the »tzedakah saves from death« sayings. In contrast to some earlier Christian sources, Cyprian and John viewed almsgiving as redemptive regardless of whether the recipient of alms prayed for his/her donors, and did not regard the poor as virtuous simply because of their poverty. Finally, the author maintains that Cyprian and John differed from their rabbinic contemporaries in their teaching that almsgiving was a remedy for sin.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2020-0002
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  • 9
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    Love, sex and marriage in the Jewish magic of Late Antiquity and the early Islamic period. (2022)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 29,3 (2022) 261-286
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 29,3 (2022) 261-286
    Schlagwort(e): Jewish magic History To 1500 ; Love Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Sex Religious aspects ; Judaism ; Marriage Religious aspects ; Judaism
    Kurzfassung: This article attempts to characterize Jewish magic activity pursued for the sake of »love« during Late Antiquity and the early Islamic period. It relies largely on the magic sources themselves – incantation bowls, amulets and magic recipes, dating from the 5th to the 13th centuries. My focus is on three main aspects that Jewish love magic offered assistance with: gaining love; creating, preserving and restoring marriage; and achieving sexual intercourse. I address the presence of aggression and violence in »love« magic and argue that Jewish love magic was highly focused on marital relationships. However, this interest was only one trend in the coercive practices employed by both sexes, where the term »love« covers a broad spectrum of wishes and desires, ranging from affection to sexual hedonism. Non-magic Jewish sources and non-Jewish magic sources are considered as a basis for both intra- and intercultural comparison.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2022-0015
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  • 10
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    Ancient waters from new fountains : municipal water sources in 15th-century Haggadot from Nuremberg. (2021)
    In:  Jewish Studies Quarterly 28,4 (2021) 406-428
    Details
    ISSN: 0944-5706
    Sprache: Englisch
    Erscheinungsjahr: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Studies Quarterly
    Angaben zur Quelle: 28,4 (2021) 406-428
    Schlagwort(e): Haggadah. ; Haggadah Illustrations ; Jews History 15th century ; Matzos ; Water Religious aspects ; Judaism
    Kurzfassung: This article analyses visual representations of urban water fountains in two 15th-century haggadot, drawing attention to the use Jews made of water sources during their preparations for Passover. The first section concludes that these images present features unique to 15th-century Franconia, particularly Nuremberg. The second section shows that the Jews of Nuremberg made daily and exclusive use of the local urban water system, and argues that some of the images in the haggadot portray this reality. The final section focuses on rabbinic sources that discuss halakhic deliberations regarding the drawing of water for baking matzah and highlights the connection between this discussion and the images, as well as practical concerns associated with water usage in Nuremberg. This analysis shows that the images represent the tension between older halakhic traditions regarding drawing water for matzot and the practical constraints on local Jews' daily practices imposed by the contemporary urban environment.
    DOI: 10.1628/jsq-2021-0023
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