Language:
French
Year of publication:
2007
Titel der Quelle:
Revue d'Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine
Angaben zur Quelle:
54,3 (2007) 63-90
Keywords:
Dreyfus, Alfred,
;
Blum, Léon,
;
Antisemitism History 1800-2000
;
Trials (Treason)
Abstract:
Antisemitism first arose in the French Chamber of Deputies in 1895, when two deputies proposed that Jewish "influence" in France should be limited by law. In 1898-99, the Dreyfus Affair divided opinions in Parliament (the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate); antisemitism in France and Algeria was hotly debated. In spring 1898, 28 deputies formed an antisemitic group headed by Éduard Drumont; however, the group was dissolved between 1900-02. The victory of the left-wing bloc in 1902 forced the rightists and nationalists to unite in defense of Catholicism; the former members of the antisemitic group joined them. A new group of antisemitic deputies got together, this time headed by Jules Delahaye, a fanatic antisemite and supporter of Action Française. In the early 20th century, antisemitism began to take on a coherent political form and definitively moved to the extreme Right, though some support was still to be found within the Left. In the 1920s, parliamentary antisemitism centered around anti-communism, and also targeted the socialist Léon Blum, but with the victory of the Popular Front in 1936 anti-Jewish sentiment soared, Xavier Vallat having introduced antisemitism into the criticism of the Jewish Prime Minister. From 1938 on, the antisemitic atmosphere intensified. Concludes that from the late 19th century until 1940, antisemitism solidified into a political program, able to turn the idea of exclusion of the Jews into reality.
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