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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9 (2021) 23-44
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 23-44
    Keywords: Jewish children in the Holocaust Biography ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish ghettos ; Białystok (Poland)
    Abstract: The author analyses histories of children who were relocated to the Białystok ghetto (1941–1943) and survived, often losing their families. The accounts concern the lives of Yvette Walczak (b. 1931), Halina Grabowska (b. 1933), and Mishka Zilberstein (b. around 1929): the children who were about ten or eleven at the time they found themselves in the ghetto area. Dr. Dawidowicz has divided her text into several parts: “Bro ken Silence”, The Shadow of Family and Family Home”, “Background”, “Preserved in Memory”, “Snapshots of the Białystok Ghetto”, “Trajectories of Survival”, “Life After the Holocaust”, and “How Do They Think of Their Lives?”.
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  • 2
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 377-398
    Keywords: Wilczyńska, Stefania, ; Kicińska, Magdalena, ; Korczak, Janusz, ; Jewish orphanages History ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945) ; Jewish children in the Holocaust
    Abstract: The author analyzes Magdalena Kicińska’s Pani Stefa (Wydawnictwo Wołowiec 2015), the biography of Stefania Wilczyńska (1886–1942), the closest associate of Janusz Korczak, with whom she ran the Orphanage at 92 Krochmalna Street, and for whom she often substituted when he was away. They both died in Treblinka. Wilczyńska has remained in the shadow of Korczak until the publication of the poet and writer Magdalena Kicińska (born in 1987 in Warsaw).
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  • 3
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 269-302
    Keywords: Buber, Martin, Teachings ; Jews Periodicals Education ; Judaism and humanism ; Jews Education ; Press coverage
    Abstract: The author analyses the model of humanistic and national instruction popularized in Polish-Jewish educational magazines published from 1900 to 1939: the weekly Wschód (twenty five issues from 1900–1901), all the issues of Moriah from the period 1916–1918, Dziecko and Przegląd Społeczny. The material is supplemented by the “horizons of philosophy of pedagogy, drawing on the works of Martin Buber,” who is referred to as “an important thinker for Polish Jews, particularly those sympathizing with Zionism.” The methodological frame for the reflection is provided by the “qualitative analysis of the press from the anthropological viewpoint”.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9 (2021) 345-362
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 345-362
    Keywords: Słucki, Arnold, Criticism and interpretation ; Poets, Jewish ; Children's poetry, Polish History and criticism ; Shtetls in literature
    Abstract: Arnold Słucki (Aron Kreiner or Krajner), was born a hundred years ago, on April 15, 1920 in Tyszowce, a small town on the Huczwa River. This “forgotten poet” deserves attention mainly because despite his hectic life and significant artistic achievements, mentally, he never left his family shtetl. Among the poems from the early period of his so cialist-realist engagements, there can be found texts from “another world” (e.g., “In front of the Zamość Town Hall”, “Ballad on Icek Manager”, “Ballad on the Elderly”, “Old Painter”, “Return”). These are songs dating back to the times, places and people remembered from his childhood. Entering the “other world” opens up a completely unknown area of Słucki’s work – his poems for children included in a few collections: Poems for Ala’s (1965), Black and White Ravens (1965), Children of the Gobi Desert (1966), Market in Dziworaj (1967) and Malejka’s Day (1969). These texts are critically examined in the present article.
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  • 5
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 79-101
    Keywords: Gazeta Żydowska (Kraków) ; Jewish newspapers ; Children's writings, Polish History and criticism ; Jewish children in the Holocaust
    Abstract: The purpose of the article is to describe a supplement for children printed in Jewish Newspaper [Gazeta Żydowska] a published in Krakow in 1940-1942. As ordered by the German occupier, the language of the newspaper was Polish. Initially, the title of the supplement was Our Gazette [Nasza Gazetka], but in January 1941 it was retitled to Newsletter for Children and Youth [Gazetka dla Dzieci i Młodzieży] and closed within a few months of the same year. Edited by Marta Hirschprung, it published literary works and journalism written by Jewish children during the war. Considering it important to look again at the authentic children’s accounts, the present article interprets excerpts from texts written by children.
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  • 6
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 117-134
    Keywords: Memorial books (Holocaust) ; Memorial books (Holocaust) ; Memorial books (Holocaust) ; Memorial books (Holocaust) ; Ciechanów (Poland) ; Jedwabne (Poland) ; Łomża (Poland) ; Stawiski (Poland)
    Abstract: Books of remembrance dedicated to Jewish communities in Łomża are historical sources as well as cultural reflections, offering a new perspective on the past of places and people. While reading these recollections preserved in the memory of former inhabitants of the Łomża region and Jews of Łomża, we notice the attachment of the narrators to the place of birth and their special memory of neighbors. The way in which they share their memories, particularly those preserved in children’s imagination, opens up our senses, helping the contemporary reader recreate the past times of old inhabitants, bringing back their images with accuracy, and thus reconstructing events that have shaped our regional history. This is instrumental in consciously building up an objective view of the past and balancing the perception of its difficult moments. We discover that we feel the same as the people who are not with us anymore. This recognition surprises us many times, but above all else, it makes us aware of the fact that it is through common memory that we express our respect for past generations. Even more generally, such thinking is certainly a good foundation for building up and consolidating closer relations between groups, communities and nations.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9 (2021) 213-224
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 213-224
    Keywords: Konopnicka, Maria, ; Bible In literature ; Polish fiction History and criticism
    Abstract: The article proposes a new area of research that examines literary texts so as to identify in them the presence of hidden narratives of Old Testament provenance, particularly those referring to the rites of Jewish celebrations. This perspective has an interpretative character, revealing the echoes of religious motifs, especially those from the Old Testament, in the texts of Polish literature. In the present article, I give an example of such a reading – an analysis of Maria Konopnicka’s short story Mendel Gdański, arguing that a comparative strategy of analogical kind, particularly related to inspirations from Torah and old Jewish culture, can open a new vista on the history of Polish literature.
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    In:  Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9 (2021) 65-77
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 65-77
    Keywords: Sontag, Susan, ; Bak, Samuel Criticism and interpretation ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in popular culture ; Holocaust, Jewish (1939-1945), in art ; Popular culture History 21st century ; Photography ; Getto warszawskie (Warsaw, Poland) Pictorial works
    Abstract: The article focuses on the best-known Holocaust photograph, which shows the War saw Ghetto boy. Its amazing popularity has led to numerous misuses, particularly in the sphere of popular culture, and, as a consequence, is often seen as an instance of trivializing the Holocaust. The author locates his discussion in the context of Susan Sontag’s essay On Photography and points to the ethical value of the references to the boy in the paintings of Samuel Bak, which exemplify a new way of thinking about the inaccessible experience of the child.
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  • 9
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 137-158
    Keywords: Antin, Mary, Criticism and interpretation ; Antin, Mary, ; Jews Biography ; Jewish children Biography ; Shtetls ; Polatsk (Belarus)
    Abstract: This article presents a study of the memory of childhood as presented by Mary Antin in her famous immigrant autobiography The Promised Land (1912) which was written in order to document Antin’s successful acculturation to American society. The first part of the autobiography focuses on the life of the Antin family in Polotzk in the Pale of Settlement, prior to their migration to the United States. In the article Antin’s brief biography and her book are presented, as well as a discussion of memory studies, relevant to Antin’s autobiography. The childhood in Polotzk as remembered and recreated by Antin was a mixture of dark emotions caused by anti-Semitism and poverty, connected with positive images of the integrity of the Jewish community, religious rituals and the beauty of the countryside experienced by young Antin. Her memories of childhood also show the ways in which children were prepared for their roles in the Jewish community and how to resist the oppression of the external hostile environment. The Promised Land, formally an autobiography, is largely a text constructed for the sake of the needs of American readers, which, however, does not affect its value as representation of childhood in a shtetl in the Pale of Settlement.
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  • 10
    Language: Polish
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Żydzi Wschodniej Polski, Seria 9
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2021) 159-194
    Keywords: Gloger, Zygmunt, Travel ; Hotelkeepers ; Jews Biography ; Neman River
    Abstract: The article gives a detailed analysis of one episode from Zygmunt Gloger’s travel accounts. During his boat journey on the river Niemen in 1872, he visited a Jewish tavern. In his text, he mentioned the landlords but also gave a moving description of a 10-year old boy – whose mother, a poor widow was employed at the tavern – dying of malaria. For 27-year-old Gloger it was a shattering experience. His account of the journey on the river Niemen was published three times, each time in a different version. The episode from the tavern published in 1873 (Kronika Rodzinna) is different from the 1888 one (the ethno-geographical magazine Wisła) and the 1903 one (in the book The River Valleys. The Accounts of Travels Along Niemen, Wisła, Bug and Biebrza Rivers). The comparison of the three narratives shows the complexity of Polish-Jewish relations in the 19th century.
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