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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 133-158
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 133-158
    Keywords: Fur trade History ; Fur trade History ; Fur garments History ; Jewish women in popular culture ; Consumer behavior History
    Abstract: Kerry Wallach explores how Jews interacted with fashionable luxury objects made from fur. She draws on cultural discourses and historical research to engage questions about material culture, links between production and consumption, and different forms of representation. Cultural texts (literary works, films, television shows) produced in Europe and the United States shed light on the gendered elements of depicting Jews and fur, with Jewish women often shown as social-climbing, selfish, voracious consumers. Wallach also looks at stereotypes that rendered Jewish fur wearers ostentatious and especially visible. Motifs from an era of peak fur production and key fashion trends (1890s to 1930s) recurred in the 1950s. More recent debates illustrate the persistence of allegations of Jewish and especially Jewish women’s conspicuous consumption.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 67-86
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 67-86
    Keywords: Zionists Attitudes ; Jewish periodicals History 20th century ; Zionism History 20th century ; Advertising Social aspects ; Consumer behavior History 20th century
    Abstract: Olivier Baisez looks into the kinds of consumer goods advertised in the widely circulated Zionist weekly Jüdische Rundschau in the first decades of the twentieth century, and he asks whether a specific German Zionist consumption regime can be inferred from this marketing. Recording developments in this advertising over time, he first shows how Palestine became part of the German Zionists’ consumer culture and consumption practices. Beyond that, the advertisements suggest to Baisez the existence of a virtual world of consumption that reflected the kind of lifestyle that readers were supposed to desire. The author then turns to the communal function of advertisements and other notices in the Jüdische Rundschau, highlighting the deep social embeddedness of Zionists in German Jewish society’s ways of life. Finally, Baisez offers a typology of advertisements and considers Zionist consumer ethics.
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 43-65
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 43-65
    Keywords: Jewish peddlers History 19th century ; Jewish peddlers History 20th century ; Secondhand trade History ; Antisemitism History 1800-2000 ; Jews Economic conditions ; Jewish businesspeople History
    Abstract: The figure of “the peddler” is an important tool for analyzing a broad range of consumer-related activities in nineteenth-century Germany. Peddlers linked towns, villages, and the countryside. They dealt in a broad range of goods and combined different forms of payment. They also traded in used goods, a dimension often neglected in the analysis of modern consumer cultures. Uwe Spiekermann examines the long-term transition of peddling into both shop-based and itinerant trades, including the rag and scrap trade, all profoundly shaped by Jewish businesspeople. This development triggered manifold associations, stereotypes, and prejudices outside and inside the Jewish community, until the Nazi state prohibited Jews from peddling and second-hand trade in 1938.
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  • 4
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    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 273-296
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 273-296
    Keywords: Jews Economic conditions ; Jews History ; Consumer behavior History ; Jews Historiography
    Abstract: This essay seeks to demonstrate why consumption matters in Jewish studies and how it might advance our understanding of the Jewish experience in modern times. By assuming a “consumerist” approach to Jewish history, this chapter strives to move research beyond the common binary divisions in Jewish history, which tend to oscillate between approaches that stress the inclusion of Jews and those which highlight their exclusion. Consumer culture, the author argues, facilitates the processes of both making and blurring differences. Studying the changing nature and dynamics of consumer cultures in the context of Jewish history thus reveals this multifaceted process by which minorities are able to maintain a separate identity through consumption, while at the same time, as consumers, feeling integrated in their surrounding societies.
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  • 5
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    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 111-129
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 111-129
    Keywords: Marcus, Stanley, ; Retail trade History 20th century ; Civic leaders Biography ; Jewish businesspeople Biography
    Abstract: This essay sketches the life and career of Stanley Marcus (1905–2002), the retail entrepreneur who built the Neiman Marcus department store empire. Drawing from German sociologist Georg Simmel’s theories of fashion and modern urban culture, Roemer ruminates on Marcus’s Jewish identity and social marginalization, tendencies which appear to run counter to his enormous role in creating modern Dallas and in bringing haute couture and European luxury consumption to the American southwest. The essay argues that Marcus’s embrace of high culture went hand in hand with his philanthropy and his courageous stance for racial integration, reflecting a blending of the values of the retailer’s East European and German Jewish immigrant roots.
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  • 6
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    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 223-251
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 223-251
    Keywords: Consumer behavior History 20th century ; Jews History 20th century ; Boycotts History 20th century ; Passive resistance History 20th century ; Anti-Nazi movement History
    Abstract: In this chapter, Anne Schenderlein explores the historical dimensions of Jewish consumption and boycotting of German goods. She asks what it has meant for Jews since the 1930s, when some major American Jewish organizations, together with Jewish and non-Jewish groups around the globe, engaged in boycotting products from Nazi Germany. In contrast to most scholarship, which focuses on questions about the success or failure of boycotts, including the Jewish anti-Nazi boycott, this chapter centers on the effects that boycotting had on participants. Schenderlein considers those who adhered to the practice, those who chose not to, and the social and community relations surrounding the practice. She showcases how different Jewish groups and individuals used non-consumption as a tool for protest, community building, and identification.
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 1-39
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 1-39
    Keywords: Jews Economic conditions ; Jews Economic conditions ; Consumer behavior History
    Abstract: More than a decade ago, Jewish studies witnessed an economic turn, driven by a growing interest in Jews’ economic activities, Jewish-gentile economic contacts, and the economic dimensions of Jewish emancipation, acculturation, and persecution. This turn unveiled a variety of new analytical perspectives on Jews as both consumers and creators of commercial and retail cultures. It also shed new light on core topics like migration, Zionism, antisemitism, marginalization, gender, and the reshaping of Jewish religious and familial life in modernity. This chapter offers an overview of this thriving research on Jewish and gentile consumer cultures, on structural conflicts between consumption and religion, and on the lure, challenges, and disappointments of modern consumer cultures in nineteenth- and twentieth-century Europe and America. Finally, it presents the main results of the case studies in this volume and reflects on methodological issues and topics for future research.
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  • 8
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    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 159-194
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 159-194
    Keywords: Jews Identity ; Jewish women History 20th century ; Consumer behavior ; Jewish communities History 20th century ; Judaism Customs and practices
    Abstract: In this chapter, Aleisa Fishman argues that new marketplace conditions after World War II led Jews to combine novel forms of consumerism with traditional religious during this period of substantial change in America. Although suburbia has been characterized by and criticized for its consumerist tendencies, this chapter suggests that Jewish women as consumers and as cultural guardians manipulated this new culture to reinforce and enhance their traditional Jewish identity and to build Jewish community. Using a wide range of source materials, Fishman argues that Jewish suburbanization is one of the most important stories of the 1950s.
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 195-219
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 195-219
    Keywords: Jews Social life and customs 20th century ; Jews Identity ; Judaism Customs and practices ; Consumer behavior ; Eretz Israel Social conditions 1917-1948, British Mandate period
    Abstract: Hizky Shoham discusses the Jewishness of consumer rituals in the Jewish sector of British Mandate Palestine (the “Yishuv”). Understanding consumerism as a culture for all intents and purposes, Shoham looks at several case studies of public festivals and domestic rituals that conveyed to the entire Yishuv society the myths of identity construction, self-expression, and self-fulfillment through the act of purchasing. These rituals, especially the Tel Aviv Purim carnival and the bar/bat mitzvah ceremonies, were typical products of consumer culture but simultaneously perceived as authentic markers of Jewish identity. The intersection of consumer culture with Jewish culture in the Yishuv, both in the public and domestic spheres, highlights the ritualized act of purchasing as a new locus for the construction of modern Jewish identities.
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  • 10
    Article
    Article
    In:  Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America (2022) 87-109
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Jewish Consumer Cultures in Nineteenth and Twentieth-Century Europe and North America
    Angaben zur Quelle: (2022) 87-109
    Keywords: Department stores History ; Shopping malls History 20th century ; Jewish businesspeople History 20th century ; Jews, German History 20th century ; Consumer behavior History 20th century ; United States Civilization ; European influences
    Abstract: Paul Lerner brings together two topics seldom treated in the same context: the department store in late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century Germany and the role of émigrés from German-speaking Europe in post-World War II American consumer culture. In both cases, Jews were disproportionately active as creators and shapers of new forms of consumption and consumerism. Lerner finds the roots of such quintessentially American forms as the mall, manipulative TV advertising, and the visual iconography of American power in pre-war European and particularly Austrian culture. He treats several of the key figures, such as Ernest Dichter and Victor Gruen, who in emigration adapted European styles and priorities to American landscapes and the American mass market. Showing that department stores were inextricably linked with Jews in the pre-war German context, Lerner argues that in the postwar U.S. context, these new forms and sites of consumption were not associated with Jews. Instead, they were viewed and celebrated as European in their sophistication and glamour.
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