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  • 2020-2024  (9)
  • Bible. Versions  (9)
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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    The unity of LXX Genesis and Exodus. (2020)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 70,2 (2020) 270-284
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2020
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 70,2 (2020) 270-284
    Keywords: Bible. Septuagint ; Language, style ; Bible. Septuagint ; Language, style ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Authorship ; Bible. Translating
    Abstract: Attempts to advocate multiple authorship for the Greek Pentateuch depend principally on statistics and are tenuous methodologically. Research methods from Translation Studies, applied to Genesis and Exodus, bring out their continuity. A sounding of the translational approach in Gen 2-3, Gen 27-28, Gen 48/50 and Exod 1-2 suggests that the Gen translator’s approach is shifting and flows seamlessly into that of the initial Exod chapters. Lexical and syntactic examples, too, illustrate that Exod continues or builds on or further develops the renderings found in the latter part of Gen. A natural explanation for this state of affairs is that the translator of Gen, whose approach had become increasingly idiomatic, completed Gen 50 and continued with Exod in the same vein. Our findings call for a verification of the multiple authorship hypothesis for the rest of the Pentateuch. They imply a less monolithic evaluation of LXX text-critical evidence.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    The rendering of unclean birds in an Arabic translation of Leviticus 11 and Deuteronomy 14. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73,2 (2023) 171-193
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,2 (2023) 171-193
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; Peshitta ; Bible. Versions ; Bible Translating ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Birds in the Bible ; Purity, Ritual Biblical teaching
    Abstract: This article examines the lists of unclean birds (Lev 11:13–19; Deut 14:12–18) based on a Christian Arabic translation found in twenty medieval manuscripts. While previous research has discussed the bird lists in the Hebrew and Greek traditions, very few studies have analysed the Syriac and Arabic versions. The present essay first demonstrates that the tradition represented by these manuscripts goes back to a single translation, which is itself a fairly literal rendering of the Peshitta. Since the Arabic list, like the Syriac, omits five prohibited birds, the article then turns to explain their omission by comparing the Syriac list with other late antique and early medieval Jewish sources. Finally, it draws several conclusions for the transmission of the bird lists and more generally for the study of Arabic Bible translations.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10095
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  • 3
    Article
    Article
    Toward a reading of Proverbs 30:1b : tracing the life of the text in the versions. (2022)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 72,4-5 (2022) 631-649
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,4-5 (2022) 631-649
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, Textual ; Bible. Versions ; Bible. Language, style
    Abstract: Proverbs 30:1b presents one of the most intractable text-critical dilemmas in the HB. Following Ronald Troxel’s suggestion that text criticism be reimagined as “a commentary on the life of the text,” I suggest the way forward in reading Prov 30:1b lies in carefully engaging with the versions as a window on its history. Emerging from this process, I argue that Prov 30:1b may have once read *לָאִיתִי וְלֹא אוּכָל, “I am weary and powerless.” Early on, however, this text was conflated with another textual tradition that read a proper name thus producing a double reading. In time, scribes harmonized this double reading which then calcified in MT. The versions and analogous biblical passages suggest the proposed text, while documented scribal practice and lexical usage support it.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001146
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    Kürzlich entdeckte karaimische Übersetzungen der Hebräischen Bibel : Geschichte und Textbeziehung. (2022)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 72,2 (2022) 257-276
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: German
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,2 (2022) 257-276
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Versions ; Karaim language ; Karaite manuscripts
    Abstract: Recent research results have substantially broadened our knowledge regarding existing translations of the Hebrew Bible into Karaim. In the past few years numerous Biblical texts have been discovered that are among the oldest texts written in this moribund language. In this paper, the author presents the oldest known Karaim texts as well as recently discovered Karaim translations of the entire Tanakh and attempts to draw some preliminary conclusions on the relationship between them. Namely, the textual and stylistic similarities between Biblical manuscripts created separately in Karaim communities located far from one another in the regions of Crimea, Lithuania, Volhynia, and Galicia (including a considerable number of shared errores significativi) highlight the close affinities between these manuscripts and suggest that a common tradition of Bible translation must have existed among the Karaims. Moreover, the textual complexity and the use of sophisticated translation techniques and literary methods in the oldest known texts suggest that they could have been based on older texts or on a well-established oral translating tradition.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10053
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  • 5
    Article
    Article
    Reconsidering 4Q24 (4QLeviticusb) : two manuscripts and a new fragment. (2021)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 71,2 (2021) 263-273
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 71,2 (2021) 263-273
    Keywords: Dead Sea scrolls. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Versions ; Dead Sea scrolls ; Bible. Criticism, Textual
    Abstract: The different scribal hands show that the Qumran Cave 4 manuscript 4Q24 (4QLevb) actually consists of two different manuscripts: a first-century BCE manuscript with parts of Leviticus 1–3 (4Q24a), and a second-century BCE manuscript (4Q24b) with sections of Leviticus 21–25. Two hitherto unidentified fragments are assigned to Lev 25:44–46 in 4Q24b.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-12341447
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  • 6
    Article
    Article
    Διαθήκη in Ptolemaic documentary Papyri and LXX Genesis. (2021)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 71,4-5 (2021) 704–717
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 71,4-5 (2021) 704–717
    Keywords: Ptolemaic dynasty, ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Inheritance and succession ; Covenant theology Biblical teaching ; Greek language, Biblical Terms and phrases
    Abstract: In this article, we observe that in Ptolemaic testament papyri the full proprietorship of the patrimony was not immediately transferred to heirs, and that, by διαθήκη, heirs could acquire only the “usufruct” (the right to use the land) during the lifetime of the testator. From this perspective, this study proposes that the translators of LXX Genesis selected the Greek equivalent διαθήκη for the Hebrew word בְּרִית because the term διαθήκη referred to the bestowal of the usufruct. In LXX Genesis, Abraham, Isaac, and all living beings did not possess the proprietorship of the land by διαθήκη even though they could use the land.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-00001111
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  • 7
    Article
    Article
    A Macedonian in the Persian court : addition E of Esther and the Vetus Latina. (2021)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 71,4-5 (2021) 743-750
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 71,4-5 (2021) 743-750
    Keywords: Haman ; Bible. Versions ; Bible. Criticism, Textual ; Bible. Geography ; Macedonia (Greece)
    Abstract: This paper proposes that the identification of Haman as Macedonian can best be explained as originating in the Greek Vorlage to the Vetus Latina. It has been previously suggested, although it is a matter of controversy, that the non-canonical sections of Esther derive from the Greek Vorlage to the Vetus Latina. This article offers additional evidence in favour of this proposal.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10036
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  • 8
    Article
    Article
    The origins of the biblical Aramaic reading tradition. (2021)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 71,1 (2021) 105-119
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 71,1 (2021) 105-119
    Keywords: Bible. Versions ; History ; Bible Reading ; History ; Aramaic language History
    Abstract: The many qere notes in the Aramaic passages of the Hebrew Bible show that the Biblical Aramaic reading tradition goes back to a different variety of Aramaic than the consonantal texts. While this qere dialect differs in important respects from every well-attested dialect of Aramaic, it closely resembles a small number of documents from first- and second-century CE Palestine. This suggests that this was the time and place at which the reading tradition was fixed, not just of the Biblical Aramaic portions of the Hebrew Bible, but of the Hebrew Bible in its entirety.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-12341443
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  • 9
    Article
    Article
    Nomina sacra in libro Iob : theological exegesis in verses of Job LXX containing ὁ θεός and ὁ κύριος without any counterpart in MT?. (2023)
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 73 (2023) 1-27
    Details
    ISSN: 0042-4935
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73 (2023) 1-27
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Theology ; Bible. Versions ; Septuagint ; Theology ; Bible. Translating
    Abstract: Recently, more attention has been paid to the theology of the different LXX books. In order to examine whether the LXX books attest a different theology than their Hebrew counterparts, I have recently analysed the theology of Proverbs LXX by means of a new approach: the analysis of the additional attestations of ὁ θεός and ὁ κύριος without any counterpart in MT. Since this approach focuses on the explicit differences between MT and the LXX, the analysis of these additional attestations might elicit a specific theology. In this paper I will analyse the additional attestations of ὁ θεός and ὁ κύριος in Job LXX in order to examine whether or not the Greek version attests a different theology than the Hebrew version. Moreover, the results of this analysis will also be compared with the results on Proverbs LXX in order to provide an indicative answer to the question whether both books were translated by the same translator.
    DOI: 10.1163/15685330-bja10089
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