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  • 1
    Article
    Article
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 72,1 (2022) 122-150
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2021
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,1 (2022) 122-150
    Keywords: Enuma elish ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Comparative studies ; Creation Biblical teaching ; Clothing and dress Biblical teaching
    Abstract: Yhwh-God’s provision of clothing for the first humans in Gen 3:21 is often understood as a gracious act that nevertheless involves animal slaughter so as to produce the “garments of skin.” The present essay uncouples these two elements—the beneficence of the divine provision of clothing and the possible death of animals that may be implied—reexamining the latter in light of a neglected parallel found in Enūma Eliš, which demonstrates (perhaps with a cognate to the Hebrew verb used in Genesis) that the gods can summon things into existence, especially by speech. The power of divine creation, especially through utterance, is well attested in other ancient Near Eastern texts and so Yhwh-God’s making (עשׂה) clothes need not indicate the destruction of animals. In the end, therefore, if Gen 3:21 is used in wider theological-ethical discussions, its significance lies with a theology of creation not one of sacrifice or atonement.
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  • 2
    Article
    Article
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 72,2 (2022) 315-339
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,2 (2022) 315-339
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Comparative studies ; Inscriptions, Sabaean
    Abstract: In this essay, I explore the literary background of 2 Sam 8:1b–14. The Old Sabaic royal summary inscription RES 3945/3946 exhibits significant structural and compositional parallels to the summary account of David’s achievements. I argue that the quantity and quality of such similarities firmly locates the writing practices underlying the literary history of 2 Sam 8:1b–14 within a scribal tradition of narrating royal accomplishments shared in Israel and Ancient South Arabia. Based on this historical approximation, it is possible to revisit the problem of the passage’s literary shape and position within the book of Samuel.
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  • 3
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,3 (2022) 404-430
    Keywords: Bible. Comparative studies ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Witchcraft ; Assyro-Babylonian literature Relation to the Bible
    Abstract: In chapter 47 of the Book of Isaiah the fall of Babylon is described in metaphorical language: the arrogant queen Babylon is condemned for having practiced witchcraft since her youth. The evil which she inflicted on her victims will befall herself, and her downfall will be swift and without warning. Her dire fate follows that of her fellow sorcerers, who have perished in fire and flames. This article compares the portrayal of Babylon and her demise in Isa 47 with the Mesopotamian anti-witchcraft series Maqlû and discusses the shared terminology and the striking similarity of themes, such as the indictment of the witch, the gender-stereotype, the reversal of fate, and the condemnation to death by burning. The thematic, and sometimes lexical, overlap may indicate that Deutero-Isaiah incorporated Mesopotamian ideas about (counter-)witchcraft in his own composition, being exposed to local magico-religious thought whilst maintaining a critical stance towards it.
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  • 4
    Article
    Article
    In:  Vetus Testamentum 72,3 (2022) 431-443
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2022
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 72,3 (2022) 431-443
    Keywords: Fleischman, Joseph ; Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Comparative studies ; Women History ; Fathers and daughters ; Cuneiform inscriptions, Akkadian ; Nuzi (Extinct city)
    Abstract: The context and purpose of Exod 21:7–11 has been the subject of much debate. One of the most recent treatments is that of Joseph Fleishman, who suggested that the law did not allude to a father selling his daughter, but to giving her in marriage. To that end, he adduced a number of parallels that included several cuneiform legal documents, such as those of Nuzi, in North Iraq. This contribution attempts to assess the weight of those Nuzian parallels.
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  • 5
    Language: English
    Year of publication: 2023
    Titel der Quelle: Vetus Testamentum
    Angaben zur Quelle: 73,4-5 (2023) 683-706
    Keywords: Bible. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Bible. Comparative studies ; Metaphor in the Bible
    Abstract: This essay considers Isa 49:16, where the image of Zion appears to be inscribed on YHWH’s hands. Since the formulation על־כפים חקתיך is missing the suffix “my” on כפים in the MT and given the specifics of Zion’s lament in v. 14 (i.e., YHWH, Zion’s parent, abandons her in infancy), it will be suggested that the word כפים could refer not to the palms of YHWH’s hands but to the soles of Zion’s feet (with the unusual form כפים underscoring Zion’s age—i.e., she is a young child still crawling on “its fours”; cf. Lev 11:27). Read as “around the soles [of your, namely Zion’s, feet], I have made an engraving of you,” v. 16 echoes a symbolic ANE gesture: that is, the foot-printing of foundlings for adoption. Thus, Isa 49:16 models YHWH’s reestablishment of Zion as daughter on ANE adoption contracts, which in turn is part of Deutero-Isaiah’s wider theology of restoration after the exile.
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