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  • 1
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2016
    Titel der Quelle: מכלול; סדרת כנס פרדס
    Angaben zur Quelle: א (תשעו) 17-36
    Keywords: Hillel, ; Talmud Bavli. Commentaries ; Talmud Bavli. Criticism, interpretation, etc. ; Talmud Bavli Criticism, Narrative
    Abstract: The tale of Hillel at the beit midrash of Shmaya and Avtalyon tells of Hillel in his youth as a student struggling to earn enough to pay for his daily tuition. One day he did not earn his wages, and was refused entry to the study hall. Young Hillel climbed atop the roof to hear the word of G-d from Shmaya and Avtalyon. The falling snow covered him until he nearly froze. In the morning he was discovered by his rabbis who quickly took him in. The tale ends with Hillel’s rabbis acknowledging his worth. The tale leaves the reader awed by Hillel’s devotion and dedication to the Torah. However, a deeper reading incorporating an intertextual approach reveals allusions to other biblical and rabbinic sources. An examination of those implied sources and the context in which they appear sheds new light on the tale. A comparison with the writings of prophets Jeremiah and Isaiah reveals that the snow covering Hillel may actually refer to the word of G-d metaphorically falling onto him. The beit midrash to which Hillel was refused entry is depicted as dark, hinting at a darkness that pertains to a spiritual state. The beit midrash undergoes a process of amendment, and its occupants learn to treat Hillel differently. The tale is one of three primary talmudic stories about the life of Hillel; all of them occur on Friday afternoons (erev Shabbat), a liminal time between the profane and the holy. A comparison of the tales reveals an important idea that Hillel propounded: the notion of the Shekhinah as a presence that accompanies the individual.
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  • 2
    Language: Hebrew
    Year of publication: 2018
    Titel der Quelle: מכלול; סדרת כנס פרדס
    Angaben zur Quelle: ב (תשעח) 25-36
    Keywords: Kook, Ẓevi Judah ben Abraham Isaac, ; Holiness Judaism ; Religious Zionism Philosophy
    Abstract: In this article I wish to examine the concept of holiness as it appears in the teachings of Rabbi Tzvi Yehuda HaCohen Kook. As opposed to Western philosophers (e.g., William James, Rudolf Otto and Mircea Eliade), who consider the divine as separate from reality, Jewish philosophers and thinkers bring it to bear on reality — what Max Kadushin terms as “normal mysticism”. Some thinkers perceive holiness as an instrument that does not necessarily involve a sequence of deeds by human beings commanded to imitate God, while others view holiness as an ontological concept that deals with reality. Both Rabbi Avraham Yitzhak HaCohen Kook and his son are of the latter group.Rabbi Kook spoke of the demand of the sacred to purify reality and raise its level, though he warned against blurring the boundaries between the holy and the non-holy. Rabbi Zvi Yehuda, on the other hand, considered himself among the exceptional individuals qualified to view the non-holy from the perspective of the holy; he identified reality with the holy. Blurring the boundaries, he defined the holy as a truer and more complete reality. This viewpoint enabled him to apply the term ‘holy’ to seemingly non-holy institutions, such as the State of Israel and the Israel Defense Forces; he placed them on levels designated for the ‘beginning of redemption’.
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